HIGH COURT OF CALCUTTA
Ruma Pal, J.
Kishorilal Agarwal and others
Versus
Durgadutt Hariram and others
Original Civil Suit No. 340 of 1993
Decided On : June 16, 1995
ORDER 7 RULE 11, C.P.C. - REJECTION OF PLAINT - SECTION 13(3A) AND 17(2), WEST BENGAL PREMISES TENANCY ACT - SUIT FOR EVICTION - GROUNDS OF REASONABLE REQUIREMENT AND DEFAULT IN PAYMENT OF RENT - MAINTAINABILITY - OVERVALUATION OF SUIT - APPLICATION UNDER ORDER 2 RULE 4, C.P.C. - JOINDER OF CAUSES OF ACTION - LEAVE OF COURT - NECESSITY. An application under Order 7 Rule 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure can be resorted to only on the basis of the allegations contained in the plaint. The provisions of Order 7 Rule 11 do not allow for a partial rejection of the plaint. The language of Order 7 Rule 11 militates against it. No authority has been cited in support of the submissions of the defendant-applicant that the Court can under those provisions of law reject the plaint partially. Therefore, even assuming that the defendant-applicant is correct in its submission regarding the non-availability of Ground (a) and Ground (b), referred to above, this would not make the plaint as a whole liable to be rejected in limine. It may be that the plaintiffs' claim for recovery of possession on the ground of reasonable requirement is a bad one, but the other grounds cannot be said as not being available to the plaintiffs when the suit was filed. It may also be that the plaintiffs are denied the relief on the ground of default in payment of rent by the defendant-applicant, if the application of the defendant-applicant under section 17 (2) of the West Bengal Premises Tenancy Act is allowed. But, this, in my view, would not make the suit itself bad, nor can be said that the suit was barred by law or that it did not disclose any cause of action. Non-payment of rent is a recognized ground for eviction under section 13 (1) of the West Bengal Premises Tenancy Act. The relief that may ultimately be granted to the plaintiffs cannot determine the maintainability of the suit.
Fact of the Case:
The suit was filed for eviction of the defendant No.2 as a tenant and the defendant No.3 as a trespasser. The suit was valued at over Rs. 10 lakhs. The defendant No.2 filed an application under Order 7 Rule 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure for taking the plaint off the file on the ground that the suit was not maintainable in law, was bad for mis-joinder of causes of action and was grossly over-valued.
Finding of the Court:
The Court held that the application under Order 7 Rule 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure could not succeed as the provisions of Order 7 Rule 11 do not allow for a partial rejection of the plaint. The Court also held that the suit was not barred by law or that it did not disclose any cause of action. The Court further held that the suit was not over-valued and that the plaintiff was entitled to join the causes of action both against the defendants Nos. 1 and 2 and the defendant No.3 under the provisions of Order 1 Rule 3 of the Code of civil Procedure.
Issues: 1. Whether the suit was maintainable in law? 2. Whether the suit was bad for mis-joinder of causes of action? 3. Whether the suit was grossly over-valued?
Ratio Decidendi: 1. The provisions of Order 7 Rule 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure can be resorted to only on the basis of the allegations contained in the plaint. 2. The provisions of Order 7 Rule 11 do not allow for a partial rejection of the plaint. 3. Non-payment of rent is a recognized ground for eviction under section 13 (1) of the West Bengal Premises Tenancy Act. 4. The relief that may ultimately be granted to the plaintiffs cannot determine the maintainability of the suit. 5. The plaintiff was entitled to join the causes of action both against the defendants Nos. 1 and 2 and the defendant No.3 under the provisions of Order 1 Rule 3 of the Code of civil Procedure.
Final Decision: The application under Order 7 Rule 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure was dismissed.
Ruma Pal, J.
The order dated 21st November, 1994, passed by this Court on the application of the defendant No.2 for taking the plaint off the file, is recalled. The application was heard and the order was passed without hearing the submission of the plaintiffs who were not represented by Counsel when the hearing was going on. At the time when the order was being dictated, the learned Counsel for the plaintiffs appeared and prayed for leave to make submissions at that stage This Court was of the view that the order would stand unless the plaintiffs could convince the Court that the said order had been wrongly passed. It appears now that this would unnecessarily complicate the matter as it would require hearing in a matter which has already been technically disposed of.
2. Accordingly, the matter is treated on the Day's List and is disposed of after giving the parties an opportunity of being heard.
3. At today's hearing it was argued that the suit is liable to be rejected basically on three grounds. The first ground is that one of the grounds on which the suit has been filed were maintainable in law. The second ground is that the suit was bad for mis-joinder of causes of action and in the absence of leave having been obtained under Order 2 Rule 4 of the Code of Civil Procedure the suit was liable to be rejected. The third ground is that the suit had been grossly over-valued. It is said that the claim for mesne profits was not sustainable in view of the decision of the Supreme Court in Chanderkali Bali vs. J. S. Thakur, reported in AIR 1977 SC 2262. It is therefore stated that the addition of mesne profits to the claim of the plaintiff for the purpose of valuation was wrong. It is submitted that the plaintiff could in a suit for eviction only value the suit on the basis of the monthly rent for the last 12 months. Reliance has been placed on section 8 of the Suits Valuation Act read with section 7 sub-clause 13(d) of the Court Fees Act, 1970. Reference has also been made to the decision of this Court reported in 69 CWN 469.
4. It has also been argued that the other grounds on which the suit has been valued at over Rs. 10 lakhs should not be accepted by this Court. It is said that the entire property had been purchased in 1991 @ Rs. 7.5 lakhs. In 1993 the suit had been filed only in respect of a portion of the premises. According to the defendant No.2 the claim of the value of the suit premises at over Rs. 10 lakhs was in circumstances absurd. The valuation of the damages has also been challenged on the ground that it is absurd valuation.
5. In support of the first contention it has been argued by the defendant No. 2 that the plaint had been filed on the basis of four grounds. (a) reasonable requirement; (b) default in making payment of rent; (c) wrongful subletting or transfer of the demise premises; and (d) violation of clauses on o an P of section 108 of the Transfer of Property Act under section 13(1)(b) of the West Bengal Premises Tenancy Act. As far as the ground (a) is concerned it is said that the claim is barred under section 13(3A) of the Tenancy Act which prohibits the institution of any suit on the ground of reasonable requirement within three years of the date Of purchase. In this case the suit premises had been purchased admittedly on June, 11 1991 and suit had been filed on September 1, 1993 within the prohibited period.
6. As far as ground (b) is concerned it is said that no suit could lie for the purposes of default in payment of rent in view of the fact that the defendant No.2 had already made an application under section 17(2) of the Tenancy Act and that application is still pending.
7. With regard to grounds (c) and (d) it has been conceded by the Learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the defendant No 2 that these are really a question of fact and could not be argued in support of an application under Order 7 Rule 11 However, it was urged by a Learned Counsel appearing on behalf of the defendant No. 2 that u
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