IN THE HIGH COURT OF CALCUTTA
Subrata Talukdar, J.
Satish Kumar Modi alias S.K. Modi - Petitioner
Versus
State of West Bengal & Anr. - Opposite Parties
CRR Nos. 3349 of 2014; 1309 & 1310 of 2013 with CRAN 651 of 2015; 4261 & 4260 of 2014
Decided On : 26-08-2015
CRIMINAL - QUASHING OF PROCEEDINGS - SCHEME OF COMPROMISE - SECTION 391(1) AND 393 OF THE COMPANIES ACT, 1956 - CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS UNDER SECTION 138 OF THE NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS ACT, 1881 - WHETHER CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS CAN BE QUASHED IN VIEW OF THE SCHEME OF COMPROMISE - HELD, NO.
Fact of the Case:
The petitioner, a stakeholder in Modiluft Ltd. (now known as Spicejet Ltd.), filed a revisional application before the Ld. Sessions Court under Section 397 CrPC against the order of the Ld. Magistrate refusing to discharge him in three complaints cases filed against Modiluft Ltd. under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (for short the NI Act) by the opposite party no.2 (for short OP2). The revisional application was also dismissed by the Ld. Revisionist Court. Hence, the present applications in the form of the CRRs have been filed before this Hon'ble Court under Section 482 CrPC for quashing of the proceedings by setting aside both the orders of the Ld. Trial Court and the Ld. Revisionist Court. The petitioner's primary contention was that there is a Scheme of Compromise (for short the said Scheme) between the Company and its creditors under Sections 391(1) and 393 of the Companies Act, 1956. Under the terms of the said Scheme the inter corporate depositors (for short ICD), including the OP2-complainant, will be returned 70% of the amounts advanced by them respectively in two instalments. The first instalment of 30% was made conditional upon withdrawal of suits and other proceedings including the criminal complaints under Section 138 of the NI Act pending against the Company.
Finding of the Court:
The Court held that the observations of the Hon'ble Single Bench sanctioning the said Scheme qua the pendency of the criminal proceedings under Section 138 of the NI Act have been modified by the Hon'ble Division Bench in the appeal against the review. Therefore, to the mind of this Court little sustenance can be found in the argument that upon deposit of the second and final instalment by the Company under the said Scheme, the proceedings under Section 138 of the NI Act instituted by the OP2-complainant shall be deemed to have been withdrawn.
Issues: Whether the criminal proceedings under Section 138 of the NI Act can be quashed in view of the Scheme of Compromise under Sections 391(1) and 393 of the Companies Act, 1956.
Ratio Decidendi: The Court held that the due process qua withdrawal of criminal proceedings, particularly arising out of a Scheme framed under the company law came up for detailed consideration before the Hon'ble Apex Court In Re: JIK Industries (supra). The Hon'ble Apex Court upon consideration of several authorities held that a scheme under Section 391 of the Companies Act cannot have the effect of overriding the requirement of any law. Compounding of an offence is always controlled by statutory provision. There are various features in the compounding of an offence and those features must be satisfied before it can be claimed by the offender that the offence has been compounded. This, compounding of an offence cannot be achieved indirectly by the sanctioning of scheme by the Company Court.
Final Decision: The Court dismissed the three CRRs and held that the orders impugned are not interfered with.
Subrata Talukdar, J.
In all the three CRRs common questions of law and facts arise. Therefore, with consent of the parties the three CRRs were taken up for hearing analogously and are being disposed of by this common judgment.
2. The genesis of the three CRRs arise from a financial accommodation extended by the opposite party no.2 (for short OP2) in favour of Modiluft Ltd. (now known as Spicejet Ltd.) and represented in the three CRRs by one of its stakeholders, Satish Kumar Modi. According to the complaint a total amount of five crores was advanced by the OP2-complainant in favour of Modiluft Ltd. and the said advance was sought to be repaid by way of post-dated cheques towards interest, TDS on interest and repayment of the principal sum. The post-dated cheques were presented on behalf of the OP2- complainant to its banker for encashment and the same being dishonoured three complaint cases were filed against Modiluft Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as the Company) by the OP2-complainant under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (for short the NI Act) before the Ld. Magistrate at Calcutta.
3. The present petitioner applied before the Ld. Magistrate for discharge and such discharge having been refused, a revisional application was filed before the Ld. Sessions Court under Section 397 CrPC. In the light of the refusal also by the Ld. Revisionist Court to entertain the revision and thereby affirming the order of the Ld. Magistrate, the present applications in the form of the CRRs have been filed before this Hon'ble Court under Section 482 CrPC for quashing of the proceedings by setting aside both the orders of the Ld. Trial Court and the Ld. Revisionist Court.
4. Sri Ajit Sukla, Ld. Counsel appearing for the petitioner with Sri U.S. Menon, Ld. Counsel submits that the reliefs of quashing and of discharge from the proceedings is primarily based on the fact that there is a Scheme of Compromise (for short the said Scheme) between the Company and its creditors under Sections 391(1) and 393 of the Companies Act, 1956. Under the terms of the said Scheme the inter corporate depositors (for short ICD), including the OP2-complainant, will be returned 70% of the amounts advanced by them respectively in two instalments. The first instalment of 30% was made conditional upon withdrawal of suits and other proceedings including the criminal complaints under Section 138 of the NI Act pending against the Company.
5. Submitting that the said Scheme was duly approved by an Hon'ble Single Bench of the High Court at Delhi on 15th July, 2005 upon compliance of due process, Sri Sukla takes this Court to the order of the Hon'ble Single Bench which, inter alia, held as follows:-
"63. To sum up, the scheme can be sanctioned subject to the following conditions:
(I) It is subject to decision in CA No.265/2003 and, therefore, clause relating to forfeiture of shares will not be given effect to for time being. In case if it is ultimately held that the RAL has no power to forfeit the shares, it shall bring the necessary finance for payment of the creditors.
(II) The disputes between the two sets of creditors, namely, S.K. Modi group and RHSL which are pending in different suits shall be adjudicated on their own merits without being influenced by the outcome of this petition.
(III) Payment of first instalment to the creditors would not be subject to the withdrawal of the proceedings under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instrument Act. Instead the parties may apply to the courts where such proceedings are pending, for adjourning the matters till the payment as per the scheme to these creditors is made.
(IV) In so far as different approvals from the Government, including Ministry of Civil Aviation are concerned which may still be required for relaunching of the airline, or any other foreign exchange approvals are yet to be given by the regulatory authorities, the said authorities shall consider the case in accordance with law.
(V) Subject to aforesaid
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