High Court Of Delhi
INFO EDGE INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED - Appellant
Versus
SHAILESH GUPTA - Respondent
Decided On : 03/05/2002
Trademark Infringement - Internet Services - Trade and Merchandise Marks Act - Sections 27, 28 - The court discussed the legal framework around domain names and their protection as trademarks, citing precedents such as Yahoo Inc. vs. Akash Arora and Marks and Spencer vs. One-In-A-Million. It emphasized the importance of protecting domain names as valuable corporate assets and recognized their equal protection as trademarks. The court also highlighted the concept of passing off in relation to services and the need for vigilance in protecting domain names from confusion and deception.
Fact of the Case:
The plaintiff sought a permanent injunction against the defendants for using a domain name similar to the plaintiff's trademark 'naukri.com' for internet services. The plaintiff claimed that the domain name had acquired distinctiveness and reputation, while the defendant's use of a similar domain name was causing confusion and diverting internet traffic to their website.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the plaintiff had established goodwill and reputation in its field of activity through the domain name 'naukri.com' and that the defendant's use of a similar domain name was causing deception and confusion among internet users. The court granted a temporary injunction in favor of the plaintiff, restraining the defendant from using the similar domain name until the suit was disposed of.
Issues: The issues revolved around the protection of the plaintiff's domain name as a trademark, the defendant's alleged bad faith in adopting a similar domain name, and the potential confusion and deception caused by the defendant's actions.
Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized the protection of domain names as valuable corporate assets and recognized their equal protection as trademarks. It also highlighted the need for vigilance in protecting domain names from confusion and deception, citing the concept of passing off in relation to services. The court found that the plaintiff had established goodwill and reputation in its field of activity through the domain name 'naukri.com' and that the defendant's use of a similar domain name was causing deception and confusion among internet users.
Final Decision: The court granted a temporary injunction in favor of the plaintiff, restraining the defendant from using the similar domain name until the suit was disposed of.
( 1 ) THE plaintiff by filing the present suit has sought for a decree of permanent injunction restraning the defendants, their servants, agents from operating any business , selling, offering for sale advertising and/or in any manner dealing in the internet services under the trademark/domain name "naukri. COM or any other mark/domain name, which is. identical or deceptively similar to the plaintiff s trade mark/domain name naukri. COM and also for rendition of accounts and damages. The plaintiff has also filed an application under Order 39 Rules 1 and 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure praying for an ad interim injunction restraining the defendants from operating any business and/ or selling or offering for sale or advertising and in any manner dealing in the aforesaid trade mark /domain name of the plaintiff or any other trade mark/domain name, which may be identical and/or deceptively similar with the aforesaid mark/name.
( 2 ) THE plaintiff adopted the name nakuri. COM. on 27. 3. 1997. and since then the plaintiff is carrying on its businesss under the aforesaid domain name, which according to the plaintiff has become one of the leading websites in india. The plaintiff has contended that the said domain name has assumed a distinctive ness as the plaintiff has chosen a Hindi word and use the same in the English script as early as in the March, 1997 in the internet world, which is dominated by the English domain names. The plaintiff has also put on record many press-clippings and write-ups to indicate that the plaintiff has established an enviable reputation, because of which the said domain name has also assumed a secondary meaning. Consequenly, it is stated that in view of such advertisements and publications by the plaintiff, the said domain name naukri. COM has become completely associated with the plaintiff and in the internet parlance and when used with the suffix com, the word NAUKRI has attained a secondary meaning to connote and denote the services offered by the plaintiff. The plaintiff also contended that the defendant s website jobsourceindia. com, offers similar services as that of the plaintiff s site NAUKRI. COM and, accordingly, the defendant is carrying on business in the same field and is a competitor of the plaintiff and, therefore, with a view to damage the plaintiff s business and to capitalise on the goodwill of NAUKRI. COM, the defendant began using a similar domain name similar to the plaintiff, under the name and style naukari. COM. It is alleged that the aforesaid use by the defendant of a similar domain name as that of the plaintiff was dishonest and was done with had faith, particularly in view of the fact that the said NAUKARI. COM was merely being used as a hyperlink i. e. a link to lead any user who types naukari. COM to JOBSOURCEINDIA. COM. According to the plaintiff, the said dishonest and bad faith on the part of the defendant is evident from the fact that though the defendant had registered both the domain names JOBSOURCEINDIA. COM and NAUKARI. COM in 1999 itself, it designed its home site under the name JOBSOURCEINDIA. COM and also decided to adopt and use NAUKARI. COM to attract web-surfers and innocent users for diverting the traffic to the website JOBSOURCEINOIA. COM as any user, who by mistake types NAUKARI. COM instead of NAUKRI. COM, would automatically reach the website jobsourceindia. COM. By adopting the said diversion of traffic from the website of the plaintiff to the website of the defendant, huge loss is suffered by the plaintiff, who had invested time, money and effort in creating, developing and establishing the domain name NAUKRI. COM
( 3 ) MR. Rajiv Nayar, Senior Advocate appearing for the plaintiff submitted that there is passing off the services and goods of the defendant as that of the plaintiff s trade mark NAUKRI. COM, which is identical to or deceptively similar to the plaintiff s said trademark/domain name. He submitted that the domain name/trad
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