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2008 Supreme(Del) 1178

IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI
Honble Mr.Justice Pradeep Nandrajog Honble Mr.Justice J.R. Midha, JJ.
RAVINDER KUMAR SEJWAL & ANR. – Appellants
VERSUS
D.D.A. – Respondent
RFA 234/2007
Decided on : November 26, 2008

.Advocates appeared:
Mr.Ashim Vachher, Adv.
Mr.Pawan Mathur, Adv. for DDA. with Mr.Subhash Chandra, Director-LM.

Headnote:Easements Act, 1882 Sections 13 & 15 - Joint owners of land - easementary right to access land - easement by way of necessity can be claimed only in cases of transfer or partition of the dominant heritage - Mere fact that a person proves that he had been using an easement openly, peaceably and uninterruptedly since a very long period does not lead to a presumption that he had been using the same as of right - A person claiming easementary rights by way of prescription must specifically plead and prove that he had been enjoying an easement as of right.

Judgement Key Points

Key Points: - Appellants claimed easement by prescription over access road to their land; court analyzes requirements and evidence. [11000313420016][11000313420018] - The court states that mere long use, without pleadings that it was as of right, does not by itself establish easement by prescription. [11000313420025][11000313420019] - The six essential requisites for easement by prescription are identified (actual, open, peaceful, as of right, uninterrupted, twenty years). [11000313420016] - The meaning of "as of right" is explained as assertion of a right, not merely non-trespass or permissive use. [11000313420021] - The appellants did not plead or prove that they enjoyed the easement as of right. [11000313420019] - Acquisition of the land by the government and the failure to challenge acquisition impact the question of easement rights; possession vested in government, extinguishing encumbrances with respect to the land acquired. [11000313420028][11000313420029] - The judgment held that the relief sought was dismissed but a strip of land would be left to ensure access, as per the court’s disposal. [11000313420033]

What is the meaning of "as of right" in the context of easement by prescription under the Easements Act?

What are the essential requisites for establishing easement by prescription and did the appellants satisfy them?

What is the effect of acquiring the land by the government on the existence of claimed easement by prescription and whether failure to challenge acquisition affects rights?


JUDGEMNT

PRADEEP NANDRAJOG, J.

1. The present appeal under Section 96 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908 has been preferred against the judgment and decree dated 21.02.2007 passed by the learned Additional District Judge, Delhi wherein the suit filed by the appellants was dismissed.

2. The backdrop facts leading to filing of the present appeal are that the appellants who are the joint owners of land comprised in Khasra No.225, Village Lado Sarai, New Delhi

filed a suit registered as Suit No.103/05, praying for a decree of mandatory and permanent injunction against the respondent, Delhi Development Authority, requiring Delhi Development Authority to leave an approach road, as shown in Red in the site-plan annexed with the plaint, proved as Ex.PW-1/1, and to restrain Delhi Development Authority from interfering with the stated peaceful and uninterrupted use of the said road by the appellants to reach the land comprised in Khasra No.225, Village Lado Sarai, New Delhi.

3. The case set up by the appellants in the plaint was that they have an easementary right to access their land comprised in Khasra No.225 through the road in question and that they had openly, peaceably and uninterruptedly been using the said road since the days of their ancestors over the last 100 years. It was pleaded that the road is the only “approach road” and “motorable road” leading to the land of the appellants. It was pleaded that all of a sudden, the officers of Delhi Development Authority attempted to interfere with the peaceful enjoyment of the road.

4. The respondent resisted the suit by pleading in the written statement that the land on which the alleged road was stated to be in existence was acquired in the year 1980 vide Award No.36/80-81, together with other lands surrounding the same and was placed at the disposal of the Delhi Development Authority under Section 22 of the Delhi Development Act after possession thereof was taken over on 24.6.1980 and that the appellants were attempting to encroach upon the acquired lands comprised in Khasra No.224, 250, 699/253 and 700/253 of Village Lado Sarai. It was denied that any road or a path existed as claimed in the plaint, much less used by the forefathers of the appellants for 100 years. It was stated that, to protect the acquired land, when DDA was in the process of erecting a boundary wall to bound the acquired lands, the suit was filed with the intention of facilitating trespass on the land vested in DDA under the notification issued under Section 22 of the Delhi Development Act 1957.

5. On the basis of the pleadings of the parties, following issues were settled by the learned Trial Court:- “1. Whether the suit is maintainable? 2. Whether the plaintiff is entitled to the reliefs prayed for? 3. Relief.”

6. Pertaining to the evidence led by the appellants, the appellants stepped into the witness-box as PW-1 and PW-2 respectively and reiterated the stand taken by them in the plaint. In addition to the evidence of the appellants, one Mr.Ram Singh was examined as PW-4 (said witness was wrongly numbered as PW-4 instead of PW-3) who stated that he was a neighbor of the appellants. He deposed on the lines as pleaded in the plaint.

7. In cross-examination, the appellant No.2 admitted the factum of acquisition of the land on which the alleged road was stated to exist and admitted that the appellants took no action when the land was being acquired.

8. The respondent examined two witnesses namely Mr.Raj Kumar Yadav, Patwari, South East Zone, DDA as DW-1 and Mr.P.T. Varghese, Assistant Engineer – I/SED -7, DDA as DW-2. Besides reiterating the stand taken by Delhi Development Authority in its written statement the witnesses deposed that the appellants and their cousin Sh.Suresh Kumar were joint owners of land in Village Lado Sarai comprised in Khasra No.225 and had constructed a house thereon and that the plot abutted on a road for about 60 in length and that the appellants and Suresh partitioned their

































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