High Court of Delhi
S. MURALIDHAR
A. Kumar Milk Foods Pvt. Ltd.
Versus
Vikas Tyagi & Another
CS (OS) No. 1627 of 2011
Decided On : 04-09-2013
Trade Mark - Infringement - Trade Marks Act, 1999 - Section 28(3), Section 28(1), Section 134(2) - The judgment discusses the interpretation of Section 28 of the Trade Marks Act, 1999 and its application in a case of trade mark infringement. It highlights the exclusive rights of registered proprietors of trademarks in relation to the goods for which the trade mark is registered and the limitations of such rights when two or more persons are registered proprietors of trademarks that are identical or nearly resemble each other. The court's decision emphasizes the protection of registered marks from infringement in respect of the goods for which registration is granted.
Fact of the Case:
The Plaintiff, M/s. A. Kumar Milk Foods Pvt. Ltd., filed a suit against Mr. Vikas Tyagi and M/s. Shreedhar Dairy Products for infringement of its registered trade mark SHRIDHAR in relation to dairy products. The Plaintiff claimed to be the proprietor of the trade mark SHRIDHAR and alleged that the Defendants were using the impugned trade mark SHREEDHAR, which was deceptively similar to the Plaintiff's trade mark, leading to infringement, passing off, and violation of proprietary rights.
Finding of the Court:
The Court found that the Plaintiff was entitled to seek protection against infringement in respect of Class-29 goods (milk and dairy products) for which it held registration for the mark SHRIDHAR. The Defendants were entitled to exclusive right and use of the trade mark SHREEDHAR in relation to Class-30 goods (Atta, Maida, Besan) for which they held registration. The Court issued an interim order restraining the Defendants from using the impugned trade mark SHREEDHAR in relation to Class 29 goods during the pendency of the suit.
Issues: The issues included the prior use of the trade mark SHRIDHAR, the territorial jurisdiction for the grant of relief, and the validity of the invoices and documents presented by both parties. The Court deferred a conclusive decision on the prior user and territorial jurisdiction issues pending further evidence.
Ratio Decidendi: The judgment emphasizes the protection of registered marks from infringement in respect of the goods for which registration is granted. It interprets Section 28 of the Trade Marks Act, 1999 to clarify the exclusive rights of registered proprietors of trademarks and the limitations of such rights when two or more persons are registered proprietors of trademarks that are identical or nearly resemble each other.
Final Decision: The Court issued an interim order restraining the Defendants from using the impugned trade mark SHREEDHAR in relation to Class 29 goods (milk and dairy products) during the pendency of the suit. The case was listed for admission/denial of documents and framing of issues on subsequent dates.
IA Nos. 10477 of 2011 (under Order XXXIX Rules 1 & 2 CPC) & 6818 of 2013 (under Order XXXIX Rule 3A CPC)
1. The aforementioned suit has been filed by M/s. A. Kumar Milk Foods Pvt. Ltd. against Mr. Vikas Tyagi (Defendant No.1) and M/s. Shreedhar Dairy Products (Defendant No.2), both at Meerut, for a decree of permanent injunction restraining the Defendants from using, selling, soliciting, exporting, displaying, advertising or by any other mode or manner dealing in or using the impugned trade mark SHREEDHAR or any other word/mark identical with and/or deceptively similar word/mark to the Plaintiff’s trade mark/label/trade name/copyright in SHRIDHAR in relation to their impugned goods and business of dairy products and other related/allied products and from doing any other acts or deeds amounting to or likely to result in infringement of the Plaintiff’s aforesaid registered trade mark SHRIDHAR; passing off or violating the Plaintiff’s said trade mark SHRIDHAR; violation of Plaintiff’s proprietary rights in its trade name SHRIDHAR.
2. The case of the Plaintiff is that it is the proprietor of trade mark SHRIDHAR in relation to ghee, edible oils, milk, dairy products and other allied and related goods. The Plaintiff has been carrying on the aforementioned business in the name and style of M/s. A. Kumar Milk Foods Pvt. Ltd. having its office at Khari Baoli, Delhi and a works office at 1Km. Ikonda Road, village Mubarek Pur, Joya, Distt. J.P. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh. The Plaintiff states that through its predecessorin-interest it adopted the trade mark SHRIDHAR in 2003 and has been using it same ever since. The trade mark is registered under No. 1250774 in Class-29 under the Trade Marks Act, 1999 (‘TM Act’). The trade mark was registered in the name of Mrs. Sadhana Goel trading as M/s. Shree Om Trading. The Plaintiff claims to have acquired the rights in the said trade mark by virtue of a deed of assignment dated 19th January 2010. An application has been filed with the Trade mark Registry for taking on record the said assignment. It is stated that the Plaintiff company was formed having common directors from the family of Mrs. Sadhana Goel which assigned the said trade mark to the Plaintiff company. The Plaintiff claims to be using the trade mark with the permission and consent of Mrs. Sadhana Goel.
3. The Plaintiff claims that the trade mark SHRIDHAR has become distinctive and is associated with the aforementioned goods of the Plaintiff on account of its long, continuous and extensive use. The Plaintiff claims to have priority in adoption and use of the said trade mark and it states to have acquired goodwill and reputation locally and internationally. The Plaintiff claims that the mark is a well known trade mark within the meaning of Section 2(1) (zg) of the TM Act. The Plaintiff claims to be a market leader and one of India’s largest companies engaged in the manufacturing, distribution and sale of the aforementioned goods and business. It is claimed that the Plaintiff’s products are known for their superior quality and reliability. The Plaintiff claims to be the exclusive proprietor and owner of the aforementioned trade mark and trade name and copyright therein.
4. According to the Plaintiff, Defendant No.1, Mr. Vikas Tyagi, is the proprietor of Defendant No.2, M/s. Shreedhar Dairy Products, at Meerut and is also engaged in the same line of business. The Defendant started using the trade mark SHREEDHAR (hereafter impugned trade mark) in relation to the impugned goods. It is stated that the use of the impugned trade mark by the Defendants in relation to the impugned goods is identical with and deceptively similar phonetically, visually, structurally and in its basic idea and essential features to the Plaintiff’s trade mark SHRIDHAR. The Plaintiff states that the Defendants have copied the artistic feature involved in the Plaintiff’s trade mark thus infringing the Plaintiff’s copyright in the said trade mark. It is stated th
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