( 1 ) BY this group of 40 petitions the respective petitioners who represent the private management of primary approved schools separating within the jurisdiction of different Municipalities or Distict Panchayats in the State challenge the amendments in the Bombay Primary Education Rules 1949 (hereinafter referred to as the Rules of 1949 seeking to regulate the matter of recognition of such schools and their continuance by linking them inter alia with compliance of Schedule F containing the Model Standing Orders governing the teachers-management relations. In all these petitions the challenge to the amendments in the rules is founded on the same contentions though in three of them namely Sp. C. A. Nos. 1353 of 1978 982 of 1978 and 820 of 1978 over and above the common reliefs sought in this group the individual orders or actions of the Government are also challenged. The nature of the school management in the majority of the petitions is by and through public trusts and in a few of them it is a proprietory managment.

( 2 ) SP. C. A. Nos. 820 of 1978 972 of 1979 and 1323 of 1979 are schools run by religious minorities. Except this peculiar feature the contentions urge