( 1 ) THIS case illustrates a new phase in the promotion of social action litigation in this country. The petitioner before us is Lok Adhikar Sangh a Society established for the purpose of protection of democratic rights and civil liberties of the citizens and particularly the down-trodden classes. The petition concerns the working and living conditions of textile labour in Surat. Surat is the hub of the textile industry in Gujarat. The labour force in this industry in Surat is evidently unorganised and there has been very little enforcement at labour laws. Direction for preparation of reports to highlight the conditions of such labour is the main request in the petition. But that by itself would be of no relevance for unless the Court has to consider the grant of any substantive relief it would not concern itself with preparation of reports. The prayer made in the petition that the respondents the State the Commissioner of Labour and the Assistant Commissioner of Labour should be directed to enforce the labour laws is too plain and could easily be answered by a simple grant of the prayer but that would be of no meaning because the court does not issue a mandamus to