( 1 ) ). ALL these four Special Civil Application are directed against the Award passed by the Industrial Tribunal, Gujarat at Ahmedabad on 29- 1-1993 in Reference (I. T.) No. 179 of 1988 between Sarabhai Chemicals, Baroda on one side and Chemical Labour Union, Chemical Mazdoor Sabha and the concerned workmen on the other side. Whereas all these petitions are directed against the above referred impugned Award, challenge in each is based on identical facts and questions of law, all these four petitions are decided by this common judgment and order.

( 2 ) SARABHAI M. Chemicals, which is a Division of Ambalal Sarabhai Enterprises, was decided to be closed in January 1988. Having taken a decision to close down the Sarabhai M. Chemicals at Baroda, the Company preferred a Special Civil application No. 82 of 1988 challenging the vires of Sec. 25-O of the Industrial disputes Act, 1947 (hereinafter referred to as the Act) on 12-1-1988 and on 12- 1-1988 itself an ad inertim order was passed in the aforesaid Special Civil Application against the prosecution of the Company and its official. This ad interim order dated 12-1-1988 was sought to be vacated on 10-2-1988 by filing a p