( 1 ) THE judgment and order of acquittal passed by the Judicial magistrate, First Class, at Porbandar on 11th January 1991 in Criminal Case No. 252 of 1990 is under challenge in this appeal under Sec. 378 of the Code of Criminal procedure, 1973 (the Code for brief) by leave of this Court. By his impugned judgment and order, the learned trial Magistrate acquitted the respondents herein of the offences punishable under Sec. 14 read with Sec. 3 of the Foreigners Act, 1946 and Sec. 3 of the Passport Act, 1967.

( 2 ) THE facts giving rise to this appeal move in a narrow compass. During the course of patrolling, the Coast Guards of the Customs Department spotted one foreign ship. They suspected its containing some contraband gold and attempting to transfer that gold in India surreptitiously. The respondents were found in the ship. It is the case of the prosecution that gold was jettisoned by them. The foreign ship was brought to Porbandar. It appears that the Customs Department reported the matter to the deputy Superintendent of Police who in turn directed the Police Inspector of "b" division at Porbandar to lodge a complaint against the respondents herein charging them with the offences punishable under Sec. 14 read with Sec. 3 of the Foreigners act, 1946 and under Sec. 3 of the Passport Act, 1967. Thereupon, a charge-sheet was presented before the Court of the Chief Judicial Magistrate at Porbandar. It came to be registered as Criminal Case No. 252 of 1990. It was assigned to the judicial Magistrate, First Class, at Porbandar for trial and disposal. The charge against the respondents herein as the accused was framed on 26th March 1990 at Exh. 3 on the record of the case. No accused pleaded guilty to the charge. They were thereupon tried. After recording the prosecution evidence and after recording the further statement of each accused, by his judgment and order passed on 11th January 1991 in the aforesaid criminal case, the learned trial Magistrate acquitted all the accused of the offences with which they stood charged. That aggrieved the prosecution agency. It has, therefore, preferred this appeal under Sec. 378 of the Code after obtaining leave of this Court for the purpose.

( 3 ) THE learned trial Magistrate has found that the evidence on record was not clear enough to show as to at what point in the high seas the ship housing the present respondents was caught. It is an admitted position on record that the respondents herein were travelling in a foreign ship. Their ship was found on high seas. It was to be established at trial that the ship in question was within the territorial waters of India.

( 4 ) IT cannot be gainsaid that the limit of the territorial waters of India is shown to be at a distance of 12 nautical miles from the nearest point of the appropriate baseline as provided in Sec. 3 (2) of the Territorial Waters, Continental Shelf, exclusive Economic Zone and Other Maritime Zones Act, 1976. It was, therefore, necessary for the prosecution to have established that the respondents herein had entered the territorial waters of India without any valid passport or valid permit in order to fasten criminal liability, under the Foreigners Act and under the Passport act. The evidence on record is completely silent on the point. The complaint at exh. 20 on the record of the case does not disclose any point of their being found on the high seas. The relevant column in the report made by the Boarding Officer on 9th October 1989 with respect to distance from nearest Indian land mark was found blank. Again, that document was not proved and it has not come on record. In that view of the matter, it would be very difficult to come to the conclusion that the respondents herein were found within the territorial waters of India at the relevant time. The learned trial Magistrate was right in acquitting them of the offences punishable under the aforesaid two enactments.

( 5 ) A disturbing feature in this case deserves to