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2023 Supreme(Guj) 788

IN THE HIGH COURT OF GUJARAT AT AHMEDABAD
J.C. DOSHI, J.
Jitubhai Rupabhai Raval – Appellant
Versus
Baria Kanabhai Vaghabhai – Respondent
R/Special Civil Application No. 9062 of 2021
Decided on : 04-09-2023

Advocates:
Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant :MR PC KAVINA, SR. ADVOCATE with MR VIJAY N RAVAL
For the Respondent: MS FORAM TRIVEDI, MR PA JADEJA

Headnote:

Vakalatnama - Land Acquisition - Land Acquisition Act, 1894 - Order 3 Rule 4 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - The court discussed the irrevocable nature of Vakalatnama, the right of a litigant to change their advocate, and the duty of the advocate to return the case file to the client upon discharge. The court emphasized that an advocate cannot insist on continuing as the advocate for the client against the client's wishes and cannot retain the file or authority given by the client through Vakalatnama. The court also highlighted the prohibition on advocates from stipulating fees contingent on the results of litigation and from sharing the proceeds of the litigation.

Fact of the Case:

The petitioner, a practicing advocate, represented original claimants in a land acquisition case. The original claimants engaged a new lawyer for withdrawal of compensation without obtaining a no objection from the petitioner. The petitioner objected, claiming outstanding professional fees and expenses contingent on the compensation outcome.

Finding of the Court:

The court found that the petitioner's objections were groundless and against professional ethics. It emphasized the right of a litigant to change their advocate and the duty of the advocate to return the case file to the client upon discharge. The court dismissed the petition, highlighting the prohibition on advocates from stipulating fees contingent on the results of litigation and from sharing the proceeds of the litigation.

Issues: The issues included whether the advocate can continue to represent the litigant against the litigant's wish, whether the advocate can insist that without his no objection, the litigant cannot change his advocate and file a fresh Vakalatnama, and whether the advocate can stipulate professional fee and expenses on the outcome of the litigation.

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized the irrevocable nature of Vakalatnama, the right of a litigant to change their advocate, and the duty of the advocate to return the case file to the client upon discharge. The court also highlighted the prohibition on advocates from stipulating fees contingent on the results of litigation and from sharing the proceeds of the litigation.

Final Decision: The petition was dismissed, and the court discharged the rule. The court emphasized the right of a litigant to change their advocate and the duty of the advocate to return the case file to the client upon discharge. The court also highlighted the prohibition on advocates from stipulating fees contingent on the results of litigation and from sharing the proceeds of the litigation.

JUDGMENT :

1. Rule. Learned advocate Mr. PA Jadeja waives service of rule for respondent Nos.1 and 2 and learned AGP Ms. Foram Trivedi waives service of rule for respondent Nos.3 to 5.

2. In the petition filed under Article 227 of the Constitution of India, the petitioner has prayed for the following reliefs:-

    “(A) This Hon’ble Court may kindly be pleased to quash and set aside order dated 13.5.2021 passed by the learned Principal Senior Civil Judge, Lunawada below objection application in LAR No.421 of 2005 with a relief to allow the objection application dated 13.5.2021 and reject the Vakalatnama of new advocate.

(B) Pending admission and final hearing of this petition, this Hon’ble Court may kindly be pleased to stay the further proceedings of LAR No.421 of 2005 pending before the learned Principal Senior Civil Judge, Lunawada till the final disposal of the present petition.”

3. The necessary facts for deciding this petition can briefly be stated thus:-

3.1 The petitioner is practising advocate. The respondent Nos.1 and 2 are the original claimants (in short “the original claimants”) living in Dist: Mahisagar. Their lands were proposed to be acquired by the State Government for Sujlam Suflam Spreding Canal project under the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (in short “the Act”). Necessary notifications u/s 4 and 6 of the Act were published and consequently, the lands of the original claimants were acquired. The Special Land Acquisition Officer assessed and awarded the compensation at Rs.5/- per sq mtr for Jirayat land. Assessment of this compensation was not agreeable to the original claimants and therefore, they intended to prefer reference under the provisions of the Act. Therefore, the original claimants have engaged the petitioner to represent them in the reference case. The original claimants have signed the Vakalatnama and authorized the petitioner for appearing, pleading and to do all needful acts for and on behalf of the original claimants in the reference case.

3.2 The learned Reference Court favoured the case of the original claimants and enhanced compensation to Rs.304/- per sq mtr as additional compensation. The appeal proceedings were also taken. Subsequent thereto, the government has deposited the awarded amount before the learned Reference Court. The original claimants thereafter, engaged new lawyer and preferred payment withdrawal pursis before the learned Reference Court. Since the original claimant did not keep and continue the present petitioner as their advocate in payment withdrawal pursis, the petitioner has filed objection (Annexure

D) before the learned Reference Court and raised contention that since his authority as advocate in the reference proceedings is continue and in force, the Vakalatnama of the new advocate cannot be accepted and the original claimants cannot engage new lawyer for the payment withdrawal pursis without obtaining no objection from the petitioner. The learned Reference Court, having heard learned advocates for both the parties, passed the impugned order rejecting the objection raised by the petitioner.

4. The above proceedings has given rise to the present petition as the petitioner was aggrieved by the impugned order.

5. Heard learned Senior Counsel Mr. PC Kavina assisted by learned advocate Mr. Vijay Raval for the petitioner, learned advocate Mr. PA Jadeja for respondent Nos.1 and 2 – original claimants and learned AGP Ms.Foram Trivedi for the respondent Nos.3 to 5.

6. Submitting facts of the case, Learned Senior Counsel Mr. PC Kavina would submit that original claimants by signing the Vakalatnama had authorized the petitioner to appear, plead and to do all needful acts for and on behalf of the original claimants. He would further submit that such authority shall continue to remain in force in view of Order 3 Rule 4 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (in short “CPC”) till the Vakalatnama and the appearance of the petitioner is determined by the Court or by the client, who

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