GAUHATI HIGH COURT
B.L.Hansaria, J.
Biren Rava and Others -Appellant
Versus
Jnanendra Narayan Choudhury -Respondent
S. A. 112 of 1976
Decided On : 09-07-1982
LIMITATION ACT, 1963 - ARTICLE 64 AND 65 - DISTINCTION - SUIT FOR POSSESSION BASED ON TITLE - ARTICLE 65 APPLIES - BURDEN ON DEFENDANT TO PROVE ADVERSE POSSESSION FOR 12 YEARS.
Fact of the Case:
A suit for possession on declaration of title was dismissed by the trial court and the first appellate court on the ground that it was barred by limitation. The plaintiffs claimed that they were dispossessed in 1960, but the courts found that the dispossession occurred in 1955-56 or 1950. The issue was whether the suit was covered by Article 64 or Article 65 of the Limitation Act, 1963.
Finding of the Court:
The court held that Article 65 of the Limitation Act, 1963 applies to suits for possession based on title, and the burden is on the defendant to prove adverse possession for 12 years. The court distinguished Article 64, which applies to suits based on possession and not on title, and held that in such cases the plaintiff must prove that the suit was instituted within 12 years of dispossession and that his title had not been extinguished under section 27 of the Limitation Act.
Issues: 1. Whether the suit was covered by Article 64 or Article 65 of the Limitation Act, 1963. 2. Whether the plaintiffs had proved their title to the suit land. 3. Whether the defendants had proved adverse possession for 12 years.
Ratio Decidendi: 1. Article 65 of the Limitation Act, 1963 applies to suits for possession based on title, and the burden is on the defendant to prove adverse possession for 12 years. 2. Article 64 applies to suits based on possession and not on title, and in such cases the plaintiff must prove that the suit was instituted within 12 years of dispossession and that his title had not been extinguished under section 27 of the Limitation Act. 3. The plaintiffs had proved their title to the suit land. 4. The defendants had not proved adverse possession for 12 years.
Final Decision: The appeal was allowed, the impugned judgment and decree were set aside, and the suit was decreed.
2. I have heard this appeal with the assistance of the learned Counsel for the appellants only as none appeared for the defendants. Before proceeding, I wanted to satisfy myself if notice of this appeal had been properly served on the main contestants who are respondents 1 to 4. The process server's report and the processes showed that notices for these respondents had been served and accepted by Jnanendra Narayan Choudhury on 12.8.77. Notices on other respondents had also been served properly.
3. The point which needs determination in this appeal is whether the suit was covered by Article 64 or Article 65 of the Limitation Act, 1963. The learned Assistant District Judge after referring to the decisions of this Court in Syed Anowaruddin vs. Abdul Rahim, 1974 ALR 90; H. B. Sarma vs. H. G. Sarma, AIR 1975 Gau. 47 and that of the Supreme Court Nair Service Society vs. K.C. Alexander, AIR 1968 SC 1165 came to the following two conclusions in the main regarding the relative scope of Articles 64 and 65 of the Limitation Act :
"(i). The two articles 64 and 65 in their application cannot be placed in two water-tight categories. There may be considerable over-lap of the two articles in a given case.
(ii). In a case where there are allegations of title, possession, and subsequent dispossession even if article 65 is to be applied the plaintiff has to prove not only title but an existing title and that he has brought the suit within 12 years of dispossession."
While coming to the aforesaid conclusions, the learned Assistant District Judge felt that the decision in Anowaruddin (supra) is per incuriam as it has failed to take note of Nair Service Society (Supra). It was also observed that Sharm as case was also open to the charge that it too was per incuriam as it did not notice Anowaruddin.
4. According to me, there is no clash between any of the aforesaid decisions, if they are read in the context of their facts. At first the ratio of the Nair Service Society has to be noted. Therein a suit was filed for possession on the strength of possessory title alone. It was, however, beyond the period of six months visualised by the Specific Relief Act. A contention was therefore, made by Shri Nambiar that there could not be two periods of limitations, namely, six months (as visualised by the Specific Relief Act) and 12 years (as fixed by the Indian Limitation Act), for suits based on possession alone and that the longer period of limitation requires proof of title by the plaintiff. This contention was not accepted and the Supreme Court observed as follows. :
"The uniform view of the courts is that if section 9 of the Specific Relief Act is utilised the plaintiff need not prove title and the title of the defendant does not avail him. When
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