GAUHATI HIGH COURT
K.Lahiri, J.
Maqbul Hussain -Appellant
Versus
Syadur Rahman -Respondent
Criminal Revision No. 101 of 1986
Decided On : 20-03-1986
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE, 1973 - SECTION 145 - INJUNCTION - PRIVATE DISPUTE - JURISDICTION OF MAGISTRATE - PUBLIC ORDER - LAW AND ORDER - DISTINCTION - MAGISTRATE MUST BE SATISFIED THAT DISPUTE IS LIKELY TO CAUSE BREACH OF PEACE - PRIVATE DISPUTE BETWEEN TWO PERSONS WHICH DOES NOT DISTURB LAW AND ORDER OR OCCASION A BREACH OF THE PEACE IN THE LOCALITY - FORUM FOR GETTING RELIEF IS THE CIVIL COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION.
Fact of the Case:
Petitioner claimed possession of land, constructed bamboo fencing, paid land revenue and local rate, but the opposite party constructed a thatched house on the land and claimed right, title, and possession. Petitioner filed an application claiming apprehension of breach of peace, and a proceeding u/s 145 Cr. P. C. was drawn up. The Sub-divisional Magistrate dropped the proceeding, directing the petitioner to take resort to civil action.
Finding of the Court:
The Magistrate was justified in dropping the proceeding u/s 145 Cr. P. C. as there was no jurisdiction to entertain the same. The police report clearly stated that the second party had been in possession of the land since last 15 years. The dispute was a private dispute between two persons which did not disturb law and order or occasion a breach of the peace in the locality. The forum for getting relief was the civil court of competent jurisdiction.
Issues: Whether the Magistrate had jurisdiction to entertain the proceeding u/s 145 Cr. P. C. on the basis of the police report.
Ratio Decidendi: A Magistrate must be satisfied that the dispute is likely to cause a breach of peace before assuming jurisdiction u/s 145 Cr. P. C. A private dispute between two persons which does not disturb law and order or occasion a breach of the peace in the locality is not a matter covered u/s 145 of the Code. The forum for getting relief in such cases is the civil court of competent jurisdiction.
Final Decision: The application was dismissed in limine.
2. The distinction between the concept of public order, law and order or public tranquilly is to be found in the picturesque description drawn by Hidayatullab, J; in Ram Manohar Lohia vs. State of Bihar, AIR 1966 SC 740. The distinction between the security of State, public order and law and order, i.e., public tranquility, has been defined by drawing three concentric circles. 'Public order' comprehends disorders of less gravity than those affecting 'security of State'. "Law and order” comprehends disorder of less gravity than those affecting 'public order'. One is to close his eyes and take three concentric circles. Law and order represents the largest circle within which is the next circle representing public order and the smallest circle represents security of State. It is then easy to visualise that an act may affect law and order or public tranquility but not public order just as an act may affect public order but not security of the state. Public order means the even tempo of life of the community even in a specified locality. Disturbance of public order is to be distinguished from acts directed against individuals which do not disturb the society to the extent of vibrating a general disturbance of public tranquility. If a party illegally and forcibly occupies the land of another, people may be shocked and even mentally disturbed but the life of the community may keep on moving keeping peace with the even tempo of life of the community. If by the act of dispossession even tempo of life of the community is disturbed or jeopardised, it may be a case of disturbance of public order and tranquility. The acts of private parties with affect personal rights and obligations only but do not disturb the even tempo of the society are merely private feuds for which action may not be necessary to be taken under Chapter-X of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Section 145 of 'the Code1 clearly states that to assume jurisdiction the Magistrate must be satisfied that the dispute is likely to cause "a breach of peace''. It is not a breach of mental peace of the parties but apprehended breach of peace in the locality. Ordinarily, a person dispossessed of property must sue for recovery of specific immovable property u/ss. 5 and 6 of the Specific Relief Act and if there is threat to dispossess him he should institute a suit to obtain injunction. These are forum for establishing the right of the litigants. A proceeding under section 145 Cr. P. C. is, therefore, an extraordinary provision to grant extra-ordinary relief when there likelihood of breach of peace in the locality. The final order of magistrate is subject to the decision of the civil court. It is, therefore, seen that private dispute between two persons which does not disturb law and order or occasion a breach of the peace in the locality the forum for getting relief is the civil court of competent jurisdiction. Now, what 1 find all around is that just on some pretext or pretence flood of procee
Ram Manohar Lohia v. State of Bihar. AIR 1966 SC 740
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