GAUHATI HIGH COURT
H.K.Kumar Singh, J.
Rajib Bhattacharjee -Appellant
Versus
Union of India and Ors. -Respondent
Civil Revision No. 40 of 1997
Decided On : 28-06-1999
MOTOR VEHICLES ACT - SECTION 110A(3), 166(3), 166(6), 173, 176 - CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE - SECTION 115, 25 - LIMITATION FOR FILING CLAIM PETITION - CONDONATION OF DELAY - APPLICABILITY OF CPC PROVISIONS TO MOTOR ACCIDENT CLAIMS TRIBUNAL - INTERPRETATION OF STATUTORY PROVISIONS - RELEVANCE OF SUPREME COURT DECISIONS - SCOPE OF JUDICIAL REVIEW UNDER ARTICLE 227 OF THE CONSTITUTION.
Fact of the Case:
Petitioners filed a claim petition for compensation for the death of their predecessor in a motor accident in 1987. The claim petition was filed in 1996 along with an application for condonation of delay. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal rejected the condonation application as barred by limitation. Petitioners challenged this order under Section 115 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC).
Finding of the Court:
The court held that the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal is not a civil court, but a tribunal with powers and procedures defined by statute. The applicability of CPC provisions to the tribunal is not clear from the statute. However, the court found that the Supreme Court had held in Dhannalal vs. DP Vijayvargia & others (AIR 1996 SC 2155) that after the amendment to the Motor Vehicles Act in 1994, there is no period of limitation for filing a claim petition in respect of a motor accident.
Issues: 1. Whether the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) are applicable to the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal. 2. Whether the claim petition was barred by limitation. 3. Whether the condonation application could be filed after the expiry of the limitation period.
Ratio Decidendi: 1. The court held that the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal is not a civil court, but a tribunal with powers and procedures defined by statute. The applicability of CPC provisions to the tribunal is not clear from the statute. 2. The court held that after the amendment to the Motor Vehicles Act in 1994, there is no period of limitation for filing a claim petition in respect of a motor accident. 3. The court held that the condonation application could be filed after the expiry of the limitation period.
Final Decision: The court quashed the order of the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal and remitted the matter back to the tribunal for hearing on merit.
2. The petitioners herein Hied an application claiming compensation for the death of their predecessor who died on 12.8.87 in a motor accident. The said claim petition was filed on 31.8.96 with an application for condonation of delay in filing the claim petition before the Member, Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, North Tripura, Kailashahar. The same was registered as Title Suit (MACT) No. 18 of 1996.
3. After hearing the petitioners, the learned Member, Motor Accident Claims Tribunal rejected the application for condonation vide his order dated 24.5.97 holding that the condonation application is barred by limitation and as such not maintainable as no ground for delay was given. The petitioners have come to this Court challenging the aforesaid order of the Member, Motor Accident Claims Tribunal by filing the present application under section 115 of CPC.
4. In course of hearing the learned counsel of both the parties have submitted various decisions of different High Courts on the point as to whether the petition under section 115 of CPC will be held maintainable before this Court against an order passed by the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal.
“5. Even the learned counsel for the petitioner has cited two decisions of the Apex Court. In the case of State of Haryana, vs. Darshana Devi & others, reported in AC J1979 205 the Apex Court held that provisions of Order XXXin of CPC should be made available so that indigent persons may claim for motor accident claims without filing any court fees, and further the Apex Court observed that the appropriate legislation was to be framed to enable the claimants to file compensation petition without payment of court fees.
6. In the second case ie in the case of Bhagwati Devi & others vs. M/s IS Goel & others reported in 1983 ACJ 123, the Apex Court following the decision passed in the former case ie Darshana Devi (supra) held that the provision of section 25 of the CPC was held applicable and as such the Supreme Court transferred a case pending in a Tribunal at Moradabad to another Claims Tribunal at Delhi in exercise of powers under section 115 of CPC.
7. Further, the learned counsel of both sides have submitted, as stated above, the decisions of various other High Courts passed in different cases holding that certain provisions of CPC are applicable whereas some other High Courts passed orders holding that provisions of CPC are not strictly applicable.
8. Motor Accident Claims Tribunal constituted under the Motor Vehicles Act are not Court, but they have the trappings of the Court. Powers of the Tribunal are conferred and defined by the statute and the procedure to be followed by the Tribunal and the procedures are also prescribed by law, or in absence thereof in the statute, the Tribunal regulates it on procedure. Section 169 of 1988 Act describes the powers and procedures of the Tribunal and again under section 176 the State Govt is empowered to make rules for the matters as mentioned in the section. But even if the Tribunals are exercising powers of civil Court or the same of the procedures prescribed under CPC the Tribunal constituted under Motor Vehicles Act is still a Tribunal and not a civil Court. Again, rules and revision are matters of statute. The appellate and revisional power cannot be assured or presumed in a absence of any specific provisions in the statute. But, I am not inplined to delve into the matter regarding the point as to whether section 115 of CPC is applicable in respect of an order passed by Claims Tribunal for the reasons stated below.
9. In the present case, as stated above, the accident took place on 12.8.1987 and the claim petition along with an application for condonation was filed on 31.8.96. Admittedly taking into consideration the date of accident, as provided for under s
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