2001 Supreme(Ker) 170
Judges : M.R.HARIHARAN NAIR
Devassia - Appellant
Versus
South Indian Bank Ltd. - Respondent
Case No : O.P.No. 10857 of 2001
Decided On : 04/05/2001
Advocates Appeared :
Mathew John & Baby Thomas For Petitioner K. Prabhakaran For Respondents
Important Points
Subject
Civil Law - Debt Recovery
Act Referred
RECOVERY OF DEBTS DUE TO BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ACT : S.31(a)
Headnote
Debt Recovery Tribunal - Opportunity to be Heard - Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act - S.31A - S.20 - S.21 - Principles of Natural Justice
Fact of the Case:
The petitioner, a judgment debtor, was aggrieved by the Debt Recovery Tribunal's issuance of a certificate under S.31A without affording an opportunity to be heard. The petitioner argued that the bank was not entitled to the full amount claimed in the certificate due to prior payments towards the principal.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the Tribunal's order was passed without giving an opportunity to the debtor to be heard and that the principles of natural justice must be followed in such cases. The court set aside the order and directed the Tribunal to issue notice to all affected parties and pass fresh orders in accordance with law.
Issues: The issues involved the lack of opportunity to be heard before the issuance of the certificate under S.31A, the validity of the order, and the requirement of following the principles of natural justice by the Debt Recovery Tribunal.
Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the principles of natural justice must be read into the statute unless there is a clear mandate to the contrary, and that the Tribunal is bound to follow the principles of natural justice and issue notice to all affected parties before issuing recovery certificates under S.31A.
Final Decision: The court set aside the original order and remitted the matter to the Debt Recovery Tribunal with a direction to issue notice to all affected parties and pass fresh orders in accordance with law.
M.R. Hariharan Nair, J.
Petitioner is the judgment debtor in O.S. No. 317 of 1994 of the Sub Court, Pala, obtained by the first respondent bank. Pursuant to the constitution of the Debt Recovery Tribunal, the bank approached the said Tribunal seeking issuance of a certificate under S.31A of the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act. The petitioner is aggrieved that without giving him an opportunity to be heard the said request was allowed by the Tribunal vide Ext. P2 order.
2. Learned counsel for the petitioner submitted during hearing that the Tribunal, without affording an opportunity to the petitioner to represent in the matter, has preceded to issue the certificate simply following the amount claimed in the E.P. filed by the Bank and that the bank actually is not entitled to the full amount mentioned in the E.P. for the reason that Rs. 6 lakhs had been paid by the petitioner in various instalments and accompanied by memos, wherein specific mention had been made that the payments were intended to be appropriated towards principal alone. If the amounts were so appropriated the bank would not be entitled to full amount mentioned in the E.P. This is an aspect the petitioner could have brought to the notice of the Tribunal if only he was given an opportunity to be heard. Therefore, the prayer is to remit the matter to the Tribunal to afford such an opportunity.
3. Shri. K. Prabhakaran, who appeared for the first respondent, submitted that there is no provision in the Act of the Rules for issuing notice to the debtor before a certificate under S.31A is granted and in that perspective the impugned order does not suffer from any defect. The counsel further submitted that even if the petitioner is aggrieved, he has effective alternative remedy before the Appellate Tribunal constituted under the Act and as such writ jurisdiction cannot be involved to assail the impugned order. In answer to the above said contention the stand of the petitioner is that there is no effective remedy eventhough there is provision for appeal in so far as it is mandatory that the petitioner should deposit 75% of the decree amount if at all the appeal should be taken as maintainable. Here, in the instant case, what is impugned before the Tribunal is not the correctness of the decree amount; but only the validity of the order issued by the Tribunal specifying the amounts to be recovered by the certificate and that if it is made mandatory that even for raising such a contention before the Appellate Tribunal the petitioner should deposit 75% of the amount, the provision for appeal will be rendered ineffective and nugatory. Learned counsel also relied on case laws in support of his contentions.
4. A perusal of Ext. P2 shows that it has been passed without giving an opportunity to the debtor to be heard. Since the petitioner has a valid contention that an amount of Rs. 6 lakhs paid from time to time was intended to be appropriated towards principal and not towards interest, the mere copying of the amount mentioned in the E.P. in the certificate will certainly work out injustice. S.31A providing for issuance of certificate itself is a new provision introduced under the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions (Amendment) Ordinance, 2000. Learned counsel for the "respondent has no case that any Rules have been framed under the said provision enabling challenge of the certificate before any authority, apart from invoking the general provision contained in S.20 of the Act. But then S.21 of the Act, provides that where an appeal is preferred by any person from whom the amount of debt is due to a bank or a financial institution, an appeal under S.20 shall not be entertained by the Appellate Tribunal unless such person has deposited with the Appellate Tribunal 75% of the amount of debt so due from him as determined by the Tribunal under S.19. To insist that even for challenging an order directing issue of a recovery cert