P.V. Narayanan Nambiar, J.

As the issues involved in the Original Petitions are inter-linked, they are being disposed of by a common judgment. The parties and exhibits referred to in the judgment are in the order in which they are referred to in O.P. No. 7504 of 1993 unless otherwise stated.

2. The petitioner is the Manager of an aided school, M. U. U.P. School Arattupuzha. The 5th respondent was appointed as Lower Grade Hindi Teacher in the school with effect from 25.7.1977 for a period of three months. She passed S.S.L.C. Examination and Vidwan Examination in Hindi from the Hindi Prachara Sabha, Hyderabad. The Vidwan Examination in Hindi from the Hindi Prachara Sabha was not treated as an equivalent qualification under Chapter XXXI of the Kerala Education Rules, 1959 (hereinafter referred to as 'the rules') for appointment as Lower Grade Hindi Teacher in Upper Primary Schools and hence her appointment was not approved by the first respondent - Assistant Educational Officer, Ambalappuzha. She also absented herself from School from 7.10.1977 and proceedings are initiated against her by the Manager for her unauthorised absence. The 5th respondent as per Ext. P1 letter date