The main legal point established in the judgment is that the Army Act, as a special enactment with its own elaborate procedure for trial, precludes individuals convicted and sentenced under it from claiming the benefit of S.428 of the Cr.P.C.

1. The petitioners have been convicted and sentenced by the General Court Martial under the Army Act, 1950. They have been lodged in civil jails. They seek a set off their pre-trial detention against the sentence of imprisonment. The claim has been made under S.428 of the Cr.P.C. ("The Code"). The jail and the army authorities have rejected their claim.

2. If S.428 of the Cr. P.C. is applicable to the case of the petitioners, there is no doubt that they are entitled to get the benefit thereof. The section provides that where an accused person has, on a conviction, been sentenced to imprisonment for a term (not being imprisonment in default of payment of fine), the period of detention, if any, undergone by him during the investigation, inquiry or trial and before the date of such conviction, shall be set off against the term of imprisonment and the liability of such person to undergo imprisonment shall be restricted to the remainder, if any, of the term of imprisonment imposed on him. The period of detention referred to in the section is of the accused person during the investigation, enquiry or trial of the offence against him. S.2 (h) defines "investigation" and S.2 (g) defines "enquiry". Both refer to the proceedings under the Code. In the first place, there is nothing on the record to indicate that the cases against the petitioners were investigated or enquired into under the Code. Secondly, S.5 of the Code provides:

"Nothing contained in this Code shall, in the absence of a specific provision to the contrary affect any special or local law for the time being in force, or any special jurisdiction or power conferred or any special form of procedure prescribed, by any other law for the time being in force."

The saving provisions in S.5 provides that the Code, as such, will not affect (I) any special law, (II) any local law. (III) any special jurisdiction or power and (IV) any special form of procedure, prescribed by any other law for the time being in force. The Army Act, 1950 is a special enactment applicable to persons covered under S.2 thereof. It also provides special procedure for court martial.

3. The learned counsel for the petitioner however, submitted that since the petitioners are lodged in the civil prisons, they are entitled to the benefit of S.428 of the Code just like any other convict in the jail. We are unable to agree with this contention. The petitioners may be entitled to remissions as provided in the jail manuals, but not set off under S.428 of the Code. They nave been lodged in the civil prisons by an order made under S.169 (1) of the Army Act. S.169(1) provides:

"Whenever any sentence of imprisonment is passed under this Act by a court-martial or whenever any sentence of death or transportation is commuted to imprisonment, the confirming officer or in case of a summary court-martial the officer holding the court or such other officer as may be prescribed, shall, save as otherwise provided in sub-ss. (3) and (4), direct either that the sentence shall be carried out by confinement in a military prison or that it shall be carried out by confinement in a civil prison.

4. S.167 of the Army Act also provides that the term of sentence imposed by a court-martial shall be reckoned to commence on the day on which the original proceedings were signed by the presiding officer or by the officer holding the court-martial as the case may be.

5. In view of these provisions in the Army Act which is a special enactment containing elaborate procedure for trial of the persons covered thereunder, we do not think that the petitioners could call into aid the provisions of S.428 of the Code. In Bhagwan Singh v. Asst. Superintendent, (1977 (79) Pun LIZ 19), the Punjab and Haryana High Court said that the benefit of S.428 can only be claimed by a person whose case is investigated, inquired into or tried under the Cr. P C. and it cannot be claimed by a person convicted and sentenced under the Army Act by a court-martial.

6. Th