1. The petitioner before us was, & claims that he still is, the president of the Pathanamthitta Union of the Aruvipuram Sri Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (better known by its abbreviated title of the S.N.D.P. Yogam), a body incorporated under Travancore Regulation I of 1063 (Indian Companies Act VI of 1882). A copy of the articles of association, in other words of the rules of the Yogam, has been produced and has been marked as Ext. P-I.

They contemplate the establishment of a large number of branches: unions are group organisations of the branches; and both the branches and the unions are, of course, subordinate to the Yogam and subject to its control). On 20-7 -1955, the General Secretary of the Yogam, acting on behalf of its Council, sent the petitioner the notice, (Ex. P3-) asking him to show cause against disciplinary action for having worked against the interests of the Yogam. The charge was based on two documents appended to the notice, the first Ex. P-4 dated 8-6-1955 being a resolution of the Mezhuveli Branch of the Thiruvellah Union alleging that the petitioner was carrying on "anti S. N. D. P. Yogam" propaganda and had, according to a newspaper report, pres