The main legal point established is that the offence under Section 63 of the Copyright Act is cognizable based on the punishment prescribed and the schedule to the Code of Criminal Procedure.

ORDER :- Is the offence under Section 63 of the Copyright Act a cognizable one? Are the police justified in these two cases in reckoning the offence under Section 63 of the Copyright Act as a cognizable offence and proceeding further? These are the questions that are raised in these two writ petitions.

2. The penal provision appears in Section 63 of the Copyright Act. The offence is punishable with imprisonment for a term,'which shall not be less than six months, but which may extend to three years and with fine". The Copyright Act as amended does not anywhere specifically refer to cognizability for the purpose of investigation. We therefore have got to fall back on the schedule to the Code of Criminal Procedure. The schedule to the Code of Criminal Procedure shows that if the offence under other laws is punishable"with imprisonment for three years and upwards, but not more than 7 years", the offence will be cognizable and non-bailable. If on the contrary, the offence is punishable with imprisonment for less than 3 years or with fine only, the offence will be non-cognizable and bailable and can be tried by any Magistrate. The short question is whether the offence under Section 63 will fall in the former category or the latter.

3. A plain reading of the stipulations in the Schedule shows that if the offence is punishable with imprisonment for 3 years and upwards, but not more than 7 years, it must be reckoned as cognizable. Section 63, according to me, is clearly punishable with imprisonment for 3 years and in these circumstances the offence has to be held to be cognizable. No binding precedent is brought to my notice. But it is stated that in Jithendra Prasad Singh v. State of Assam (2003 (26) PTC 486 (Gau) and in Dr. A. K. Mukherjee v. State, (1994 (2) Arb LR 77 : 1994 Cri LJ 2469 (Delhi) the High Courts have taken the same view. These decisions are not placed before me.

4. I do not think it specifically necessary to go to any precedent. The language of provisions of Section 63 of the Copyright Act and the language of the relevant entries in the Schedule to the Code of Criminal Procedure make the position crystal clear. Part II of the Schedule to the Code classifies the offences as cognizable/non-cognizable and bailable/non-bailable and prescribes the forum for trial depending on the gravity of the punishment as ascertained from the nature of the sentence imposable for the offences under such other laws. Parliament has divided all offences under special laws into three categories. They are :

1. punishable with death, imprisonment for life, or imprisonment for more than 7 years.

2. punishable with imprisonment for 3 years, and upwards but not more than 7 years.

3. punishable with imprisonment for less than 3 years or with fine only.

(Emphasis supplied)

In simple language this means that there can be three categories of cases depending upon the maximum sentence which can be imposed. The first one deals with the offences which are punishable with imprisonment for more than 7 years. Those offences, for which punishment imposable is 7 years, do not come within this first clause. Only offences for which more than 7 years (not 7 years only) can be imposed do come within this first clause.

5. The second class is the class of offences in which punishment of imprisonment for 7 years and below are imposable. If punishment imposable is 7 years and below up to three years, the offences would fall within the second category. The Parliament which used the expression"for more than 7 years" to identify the first category had very cautiously used the words"3 years and upwards, but not more than 7 years" to identify the second category. The offences punishable with imprisonment for 3 years up to 7 years, both inclusive, will fall under this second category.

6. The third category is that of the offences punishable with imprisonment for less than 3 years or fine. Those punishable with imprisonment for three years do not come within this category e