V. Rev. Mother Provincial, Congregation of Mother of Carmel, Carmelite Provincial House, Kovilvattam Road, Ernakulam vs State of Kerala, Represented by the Chief Secretary, Trivandrum

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1969 Supreme(Ker) 154

P.GOVINDAN NAIR, V.P.GOPALAN NAMBIYAR, P.T.RAMAN NAYAR
V. Rev. Mother Provincial, Congregation of Mother of Carmel, Carmelite Provincial House, Kovilvattam Road, Ernakulam – Appellant
Versus
State of Kerala, Represented by the Chief Secretary, Trivandrum – Respondent

In O.P. Nos. 1450, 1957 of 1969-M.I. Joseph, for Petitioner; S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.), Advocates (for No. 1) and M.K. Nambiar, N.A, Subramonian, A.S. Narayanan Asan, V.P. Pillai, C.K. Sivasankara Panicker, D.N. Potti, P.G.P. Panicker and T.A. Narayanan Nair (for No. 2), for Respondents. In O.P. No. 1811 of 1969-A.K. Sen, K. George Varghese (Kannanthanam), Thomas V. Jacob, A.M. Mathew and P.G, Joseph, for Petitioner; M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramonian, V.P. Pillai and A.S. Narayanan Asan (for No. 1) and S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 2) and S. Narayanan Potti (for No. 3), for Respondents. In O.P. No, 1915 of 1969-M. Pathrose Mathai and George Tharakan, for Petitioners; S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 1); M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramonian, V.P. Pillai, A.S. Narayanan Asan, C.K.S. Panicker, D.N. Potti, P.G. Panicker and T.A. Narayanan Nair (for No. 2) and S. Narayanan Potti and N.K. Varkey (for Nos. 3 and 4), for Respondents. In O.P. No. 1920 of 1969-George Vadakkel, Varghese Kalliath and Jose Vithayathil, for Petitioner; S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. l) and M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramonian, V.P. Pillai, A.S. Narayanan Asan, C.K.S. Panicker D.N. Potti, P.G.P. Panicker and T.A. Narayanan Nair (for No. 2), for Respondents. In O.P. No. 1966 of 1969-M. Pathrose Mathai, E.M. Jacob and George Tharakan, for Petitioner; S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 1) and M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramonian, V.P. Pillai, A.S. Narayanan Asan, C.K.S. Panicker, D.N. Potti, P.G.P. Panicker and T.A. Narayanan Nair (for No. 2) and K. Chandrasekharan, T. Chandrasekhara Menon, C. Sankara Menon and K. Vijayan (for Nos. 3 and 4), for Respondents. In O.P. No. 2135 of 1969-A.K. Sen, K. George Varghese (Kannanthanam) and Thomas V. Jacob, for Petitioner; M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramonian, V.P. Pillai, A.S. Narayanan Asan, C.K.S. Panicker, D.N. Potti, P.G.P. Panicker and T.A. Narayanan Nair (for No. 1) and S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 2), for Respondents. In O.P. No. 2174 of 1969-T.N. Subramania Iyer and T.V. James, for Petitioner; M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramoniam V.P. Pillai, A.S. Narayanan Asan, C.K.S. Panicker, D.N. Potti, P.G.P. Panicker and T.A. Narayanan Nair (for No. 1) and S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 2), for Respondents. In O.P. No. 2188 of 1969-G. George and A. Jacob Oommen, for Petitioner; S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 1) and M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramoniam, V.P. Pillai, A.S. Narayanan Asan, C.K.S. Panicker, D.N. Potti, P.G.P. Panicker and T.A. Narayanan Nair (for No. 2) for Respondents. In O.P. No. 2187 of 1969-C.M. Kuruvilla, C. George and A. Jacob Oommen, for Petitioner; S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripornan (G.P.) (for No. 1) and M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramoniam, V.P. Pillai, A.S. Narayanan Asan, C.K.S. Panicker, D.N. Potti, P.G.P. Panicker and T.A. Narayanan Nair (for No. 2), for Respondents. In O.P. Nos. 2206, 2252 of 1969-A.K. Sen, K. George Varghese (Kannanthanam) and Thomas V. Jacob, for Petitioner; M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramoniam, V.P. Pillai, A.S. Narayanan Asan, C.K.S. Panicker, D.N. Potti, P.G.P. Panicker and T.A. Narayanan Nairs (for No. 1) and S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornam (G.P.) (for No. 2), and T.C.N. Menon (for Nos. 3 to 6) (in O.P. No. 2252 of 1969), for Respondents. In O.P. Nos. 2207, 2239 of 1969-A.K. Sen, K. George Varghese (Kannanthanam) and Thomas V. Jacob, for Petitioner; M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramoniam, V.P. Pillai, A.S. Narayanan Asan, C.K.S. Panicker, D.N. Potti, P.G.P. Panicker and T.A. Narayanan Nair (for No. 1); S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 2), (S.
Narayanan Potti (for No. 3) in O.P. No. 2239 of 1969), for Respondents. In O.P. No. 2351 of 1969-K.C. John and Zachariah Koshy, for Petitioner; S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 1) and M.K. Nambiar N.A. Subramoniam, V.P. Pillai, A.S. Narayanan Asan, C.K.S. Panicker and P.G.P. Panicker (for No. 2), for Respondents. In O.P. No. 2441 of 1969- M.P. Abraham and George Mathew, for Petitioner; M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramonian, V.P. Pillai, A.S. Narayanan Asan, C.K.S. Panicker and P.G.P. Panicker (for No. 1) and S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 2) and T.C.N. Menon, Advocate (for addl. Respondent No. 3), for Respondents. In O.P. Nos. 2450, 2451 of 1969-A.K. Sen, K. George Varghese (Kannanthanam) and Thomas V. Jacob, for Petitioner; M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramanian, V.P. Pillai, A. S. Narayanan Asan, C.K.S. Panicker and P.G.P. Panicker (for No. 1); S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 2), for Respondents. In O.P. Nos. 2495 2339 of 1969- L.G. Potti and E. Subramaniam, for Petitioner; S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No.1); M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramaniam, V.P. Pillai, A.S. Narayanan Asan, C.K. Sivasankara Panicker and P.G.P. Panicker (for No. 2), and Narayanan Potti (for addl. No. 3), in O.P. No. 2339 of 1969, for Respondents. In O.P. No. 2553 of 1969-M.I. Joseph, for Petitioner; S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 1) and M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramoniam, V.P. Pillai, A.S. Narayanan Asan, C.K. Sivasankara Panicker and P.G.P. Panicker (for No. 2), for Respondents. In O.P. Nos. 2674, 2675 and 2676 of 1969- Joseph Augustine, V.J. Joseph and A.K. Avirah, for Petitioner; M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramaniam, V.P. Pillai and C.K.S. Panicker (for No. 1); S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 2), for Respondents. In O.P. No. 2680 of 1969- K. Kurien Joseph and Mathews Jacob, for Petitioner; S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 1); M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramanian, V.P. Pillai and C.K.S. Panicker (for No. 2), for Respondents. In O.P. No. 2686 of 1969-K.V.R. Shenoi, P.K. Kurien, V. Desikan, K.A. Nayar and K. Sukumaran, for Petitioner; S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 1); M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramaniam, V.P. Pillai and C.K.S. Panicker (for No. 2), for Respondents. In O.P. Nos. 2729, 2769 of 1969-A.K. Sen, K. George Varghese (Kannanthanam), Thomas V. Jacob and P.C. Joseph, for Petitioner; M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramaniam, V.P. Pillai and C.K.S. Panicker (for No. 1) and S. Mohan Kumaramangelam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 2), for Respondents. In O.P. No. 2770 of 1969-K.S. Sebastian, V.C. James and P.C. Cherian, for Petitioner; M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramaniam, V.P. Pillai and C.K.S. Panicker (for No. 1); S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 2), for Respondents. In O.P. No. 2774 of 1969-George Vadakkel, Varghese Kalliath and Jose Vithayathil, for Petitioner; M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramoniam, V.P. Pillai and C.K.S. Panicker (for No. 1); S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 2), for Respondents. In O.P. No. 2796 of 1969-K. Velayudhan Nair and M.N. Sukumaran Nair, for Petitioner; M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramaniam, V.P. Pillai and C.K.S. Panicker (for No. 1); S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 2) and S. Narayanan Potti (for addl. Respondent No. 8), for Respondents. In O.P. No. 2839 of 1969-T.M. Cheriyan, for Petitioner; S. Mohan Kurnaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 1); M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramaniam, V.P. Pillai and C.K. Panicker (for No. 2), for Respondents. In O.P. No. 2863 of 1969-
Mathew Muricken, for Petitioner; M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramaniam, V.P. Pillai and C.K.S. Panicker (for No. 1); S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S.Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 2), for Respondents. In O.P. Nos. 2946, 2958 of 1969-E.P. Poulose, M. Abraham, C.M. Stephen and M. Rajasekharan Nair, for petitioner; S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 1); M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramaniam V.P. Pillai and C.K.S. Panicker (for No. 2), for Respondents. In O.P. No. 3193 of 1969-M. Pathrose Mathai, E.M. Jacob and George Tharakan, for Petitioner; S. Mohan Kumaramangalam and K.S. Paripoornan (G.P.) (for No. 1); M.K. Nambiar, N.A. Subramaniam, V.P. Pillai and C.K.S. Panicker (for No. 2), for Respondents.

ORDER :-

The petitioners in these applications brought under Article 226 of the Constitution are persons running affiliated private colleges in the districts to which the Kerala University Act, 1969 (for short, the 'Act') applies, namely, the revenue districts of Trivandrum, Quilon, Alleppey, Kottayam and Ernakulam. The colleges, all of which receive aid out of State funds and all of which are open to the general public, belong to the petitioners in the sense that legal title to, though perhaps no beneficial interest in, what are ordinarily regarded as the properties of a college, namely, the lands and buildings and other properties, moveable and immoveable, required to run it, vests in them. The petitioners assail certain provisions of Chapters VIII and IX of the Act on the score that these provisions are violative of the fundamental rights vouchsafed by Articles 14, 19 (1) (f), 26 and 31 of the Constitution. By far the majority of the petitioners (thirty-three out of thirty-six) run what might be called minority institutions, those running what might be called majority institutions being in a very small minority. The petitioners running the minority institutions rely also on Art

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1969 Supreme(Ker) 154

P.GOVINDAN NAIR, V.P.GOPALAN NAMBIYAR, P.T.RAMAN NAYARV. Rev. Mother Provincial, Congregation of Mother of Carmel, Carmelite Provincial House, Kovilvattam Road, Ernakulam – AppellantVersusState of Kerala, Represented by the Chief Secretary, Trivandrum – Respondent

P.GOVINDAN NAIR, V.P.GOPALAN NAMBIYAR, P.T.RAMAN NAYAR
V. Rev. Mother Provincial, Congregation of Mother of Carmel, Carmelite Provincial House, Kovilvattam Road, Ernakulam – Appellant
Versus
State of Kerala, Represented by the Chief Secretary, Trivandrum – Respondent