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2012 Supreme(Ker) 280

High Court of Kerala
THOMAS P. JOSEPH
M/S. Ramapriya Hotel (P) Ltd. & Another
Versus
The Trivandrum Specialists Hospitals Private Limited, Pattom Thiruvananthapuram Represented By Its Managing Director Dr. C. Bharathchandran
RSA.NO. 412 OF 2005 (G)
Decided On : 28-03-2012

Advocates Appeared:
For the Petitioners:P.R. Venketesh, P.B. Krishnan, P.B. Subramanyan, Advocates.
For the Respondent:P.A. Ahammed, George Zachariah Eruthickel, Thoufeek Ahamed, D. Somasundaram, Advocates.

Headnote:Easements Act, 1882, Section 22- Civil Procedure Code, 1980, Order 41 Rule 27 (1) (b) - The way over the property of the servient owner should be determined by the express grant and no substitute is applicable-To settle the dispute the sketch and the report is mandatory.

Judgement Key Points

Key Points: - The court discusses whether the right of access granted by Ext.A3 and Ext.A1 is over a specific way or a temporary permissive use, given lack of alignment/width in those documents (!) (!) (!) . - It analyzes the applicability of Section 22 of the Easements Act to cases with an unascertained or nondemarcated way versus express grants where the way is already determined (!) (!) (!) (!) . - It uses Advocate Commissioner Ext.C1, Ext.C2, Ext.C2(a) to ascertain the width and route of the plaint B schedule road and confines relief to the route defined in Ext.C2(a) (!) (!) . - It concludes that where the way is ascertained and clearly defined by express grant, Sec.22 has no application, and the dominant owner cannot be compelled to use an alternate route; if not ascertained, Sec.22 may apply and the route must be determined by the court through appropriate evidence (!) (!) (!) (!) . - The Second Appeal is allowed in part, limiting decree to the way marked by Advocate Commissioner Ext.C2(a) (!) .

How to determine the alignment and identifiable description of a way for easement when Ext.A3 and Ext.A1 do not specify width or precise alignment?

What is the application and scope of Section 22 of the Indian Easements Act, 1882 in cases where an express grant defines a right of way but the way is not ascertained or lacks formal alignment?

What is the proper course to determine the exact way for an easement when there is a dispute over whether the right is over a fixed path or a temporary permissive use, and what evidence or reports are admissible to fix the way?


Judgment :

Thomas P. Joseph, J.

1. Heard. The appeal is admitted on the following substantial question of law:

"Whether in a case where the document granting a right of easement does not specifically mention alignment of the way over which the grant is created, use of another way belonging to the servient owner temporarily with permission of the servient owner would fasten the agreement as per the document on that way".

2. There was an agreement between the first appellant-original defendant and respondent-plaintiff, a Company to lease out the land belonging to the first appellant to facilitate respondent running a specialised hospital. Accordingly Ext.A3, agreement dated 05.04.1986 was executed between the first appellant and the respondent whereby the first appellant agreed to lease out 4 acres belonging to it to the respondent in two phases. That was followed by Ext.A1, lease deed dated 15.01.1987 executed by the first appellant in favour of the respondent regarding plaint A schedule - 2 acres for a period of 150 years. Exhibit A1, lease deed provided, though in the schedule describing the property leased that respondent will have a right for vehicular traffic from the main road on the north to the two acres leased as per Ext.A1 (admittedly, plaint A schedule). Following Ext.A1, the existing structure in plaint A schedule was modified and additions were made where respondent started the Shree Uthradam Tirunal Hospital (for short, "the SUT Hospital"). While so, respondent sent Ext.A4, letter dated 05.06.1987 to the local authority seeking a no objection certificate to put up structures in the property of first appellant to be leased (in the second phase). That was replied by the local authority as per Ext.A6, dated 18.06.1987 refusing to grant no objection certificate. For whatever reason it be, the second phase of lease was not gone through and respondent had to be satisfied with plaint A schedule covered by Ext.A1, lease deed dated 15.01.1987. In the year, 1989 respondent filed O.S. 2810 of 1989 in the first Additional Munsiff's Court, Thiruvananthapuram for declaration of its right to have vehicular traffic and other modes of transportation through plaint B schedule road for access to the SUT Hospital in plaint A schedule and for a decree for prohibitory injunction to restrain the first appellant from interfering with the possession, enjoyment and use of plaint B schedule.

3. First appellant-original defendant resisted the suit on various grounds including that there is no proper description of the way in the plaint and that neither Ext.A3, nor Ext,A1, contain a description or location of the way over which right was granted as per Ext.A1 and that the description about the way being vague, no right as claimed by the respondent is available over plaint B schedule.

4. Trial court accepted the case of respondent and granted a decree in its favour. That was confirmed by the first appellate court. Hence this Second Appeal.

5. During the pendency of this appeal, the servient tenement was purchased by the second appellant which got itself impleaded as additional second appellant as per order on I.A. No.1514 of 2011 producing a copy of the assignment deed in its favour.

6. Learned counsel for appellants contended that in so far as there is no proper description or alignment of the way either in Exts.A3, and A1 or in the plaint or in Ext.C1, report submitted by the Advocate Commissioner, a blanket decree as granted by the trial court and confirmed by the first appellate court should not have been granted. Learned counsel pointed out that there is no mention of the length or width of the way either in Exts.A3 and A1, plaint schedule or even in Ext.C1, report and the sketch accompanying it. Hence a decree with respect to a vague way cannot be granted. It is contended that in so far as Exts.A3 or A1 does not provide alignment of the way referred therein, it is open to the appellants to request that a mode which is least onerous t
































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