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1955 Supreme(Raj) 89

High Court Of Rajasthan
Judgename : K.L. Bapna
Moolchand - Appellant
Versus
Lachman - Respondent
Civil Second Appeal Case No. 161 of 1949
Decided On : 03/21/1955

Advocates:
Appearance :
C .L. Agarwal, for the Appellant
R.K. Rastogi, for the Respondents

Secondary evidence of an insufficiently stamped document is inadmissible under the Stamp Act.

Headnote:

STAMP ACT - Insufficiently Stamped Document - Secondary Evidence - Inadmissibility - Section 36 of the Stamp Act - Applicability.

Fact of the Case:

Plaintiffs filed a suit for recovery of money based on a khata (account book) executed by the defendants acknowledging a debt of Rs. 1063/-. The original khata was allegedly stolen during a theft at the plaintiffs' house. The trial court admitted secondary evidence of the khata, but the appellate court dismissed the suit, holding that the secondary evidence was insufficient to prove the execution of the khata by the defendants.

Finding of the Court:

The High Court held that the document in question was an agreement and not merely an acknowledgment, as it contained a stipulation to pay interest at 1% per month. The court found that the document was insufficiently stamped as an agreement and, therefore, its secondary evidence was inadmissible under the Stamp Act.

Issues: 1. Whether the document in question was an agreement or an acknowledgment. 2. Whether secondary evidence of an insufficiently stamped document is admissible under Section 36 of the Stamp Act.

Ratio Decidendi: 1. The court held that the document was an agreement and not merely an acknowledgment, as it contained a stipulation to pay interest at 1% per month. The court relied on the definition of an agreement in the Contract Act and the leading case of Firm Shiv Ram Punnun Ram vs. Faiz, MR 1942 Lah 50 (FB). 2. The court held that secondary evidence of an insufficiently stamped document is not admissible under Section 36 of the Stamp Act. The court relied on the observations of the Privy Council in the case of Rajah of Bobbili vs. Inuganti China Sitarasami, 26 Ind App 262.

Final Decision: The appeal was dismissed, and the plaintiffs' claim was held to be unenforceable due to the inadmissibility of secondary evidence of the insufficiently stamped document.

Judgment Bapna, J.-This is a second appeal by the plaintiffs in a suit for recovery of money.

2. Theappellants Mool Chand and Chaju Lal instituted a suit in the Court of Civil Judge, Sawai Jaipur, Amber and Dausa on the 15th of August, 19415, against Rupa and his two sons Lachman & Dhanna, in the allegations that the defendants had money dealings with the plaintiffs for many years, & on second Sawan Sudi 15, Samvat 1996 (29th August, 1939), they made up, the previous accounts, and admitted a sum of Rs. 1063/-to be due against them, and got a khata executed in the bahi of the plaintiffs by the hand of Ganesh Patwari, and affixed their signatures thereon after putting a one and ticket on the khata, it being agreed that the rate of interest payable was one rupee per mensem. The plaintiffs claimed Rs. 1753/-inclusive of principal and interest after giving credit for Rs. 50/-alleged to have been paid on 16-8-1941.

3. The defendants denied the execution of the khata, and pleaded that the plaintiffs had obtained certain decrees for the moneys which had been outstanding against them, that these decrees had been satisfied, and nothing remained due against the defendants.

4. By the time the evidence came to be recorded, a theft took place at the house of the plaintiffs, and the bahi containing the document was alleged to be stolen. The trial Court recorded evidence of the loss of the original, and by an order dated 11-10-1946, permitted the plaintiffs to produce secondary evidence of the document. After trial, the trial Court decreed the suit.

5. Thedefendants went in appeal, and the learned District Judge held that although the fact of the dacoity at the house of the plaintiffs had been proved, it had n t been proved that the particular document had been stolen by the dacoits. He also held that the secondary evidence, even if held admissible, was insufficient to prove that the document, which was Exhibit 7, had been executed by the defendants. He accordingly accepted the appeal, and dismissed the suit.

6. In this second appeal, a preliminary point was raised by learned Counsel for the respondent that the original document, according to the allegations of the plaintiffs, bore a stamp of one anna only. The document amounted to an agreement, and was insufficiently stamped as an agreement. The secondary evidence of a document insufficiently stamped and lost was not admissible under the law.

7. Learned Counsel for the appellant contended that the document amounted only to an acknowledgment, and as an acknowledgment it was sufficiently stamped. It was further argued that its copy having been admitted by the lower Court, no objection could now be taken, as provided by Section 36 of the Stamp Act. Learned Counsel relied for the second proposition on Satyavati vs. Pallaya, AIR 1937 Mad 431(A), Herbert Francis vs. Muhammad Akbar AIR 1928 Pat 134 (B), Maung Po Htoo vs. Ma Ma Gyi, AIR 1927 Rang 109 (C).

8. It appears to me that these authorities are directly opposed to the observations of their Lordships of the Privy Council in the Rajah of Bobbili vs. Inuganti China Sitarasami, 26 Ind App 262 (D). In fact, the observations of the Rangoon High Court are that the observations in the case of Rajah of Bobbili (D) prohibit the reception of secondary evidence of a document insufficiently stamped and lost. The learned Judges get away from the situation by an observation that “their Lordships of the Privy Council did not intend to go so far as their words suggest.” In the Madras case (A) there is only a passing observation -that “section 36 of the Stamp Act will also apply when secondary evidence of an instrument not duly stamped has been wrongly admitted”, and no reasons are given for that observation, which, as stated above, is directly against the Privy Council authority.

9. In the Patna case (B) the document was admitted on the ground that it had been executed out of British India, and the portion which was sought to be acted upon was not charge able









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