The main legal point established in the judgment is that the provisions of the Constitution of India and the Criminal Procedure Code allow for special provisions and the grant of bail to women accused of non-bailable offences, especially in extraordinary circumstances.

RANAWAT, J.

( 1 ) THIS is an application for grant of bail on behalf of Mt. Chokhi against whom a case under Section 302 read with Section 34. Penal Code is going on in the Court of Sessions Judge at Jhunjhunu.

( 2 ) MT. Chokhi and her husband Chunna have been prosecuted for the murder of their child aged about seven years named Manbhari and the trial has already begun in the Court of the Sessions Judge. Five prosecution witnesses have been examined who are said to be eye witnesses. It is stated that both Mt. Chokhi and her husband conspired to murder their child in order to implicate Gangaram and others who are said to be on inimical terms with them. An application for grant of bail was made on behalf of Mt. Chokhi in the court of Sessions Judge who dismissed it on two grounds: 1. that there were no extenuating circumstances in the case. 2. that under the Constitution of India no leniency could be shown to a woman on account of her sex,

( 3 ) THIS application has now been filed under Section 498, Criminal P. C, for grant of bail. It is urged on behalf of the petitioner that she is a woman and she has got a young son who is not in jail and there is nobody to look after him. The trial of the case is likely to take very long and the conduct of the case and the cultivation of the petitioner would suffer if she is not released on bail. It is further urged that the learned Sessions Judge was wrong in interpreting the provisions of the constitution of India in the way in which he did.

( 4 ) THE learned Government Advocate has stated that the view taken by the learned Sessions Judge about the provisions of the Constitution of India is not correct. Article 15 of the Constitution provides that the State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them. In Sub-clause (3) of this Article, it has been provided that nothing in this Article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children. The learned Sessions Judge probably did not read Sub-clause (3) before expressing the view that the provisions of Section 497, Sub-section (1) which were in favour of women and children were ultra vires of the Constitution. The position in the Constitution appears to be that it is open to the State to make laws containing special provisions for women and children, but no discrimination can be made against them on account of their sex etc. The provision of Section 497, Criminal P. C. which gives a special treatment to the cases of the children and women is therefore, not inconsistent with the provisions of Article 15 of the Constitution of India.

( 5 ) THE prosecution story which has been stated in the order of the lower Court is an extra-ordinary one. It is not necessary for this Court at this stage to go into the merits of the case. The petitioner is the mother of the deceased child and it is said that she had another child outside the Jail to be looked after, it is also urged that there is nobody from the family of the accused persons outside the jail who would look to the conduct of the proceedings at the trial. Section 497, Criminal P. C. lays down that when any person accused of any non-bailable offence is arrested or detained without warrant by an officer in charge of a police station, or appears or is brought before a Court, he may be released on pail, but he shall not be so released if there appear reasonable grounds for believing that he has been guilty of an offence punishable with death or transportation for life provided that the Court may direct that any person under the age of sixteen years or any woman or any sick or infirm person accused of such an offence be released on bail. Under Section 498 the scope for grant of bail is much wider, but ordinarily the principles contained in Section 497 should be considered in such cases. Under section 497 it is open to a Court to grant bail to a woman even in cases where she is accused of