1. :- These three writ petitions involve identical questions and they were heard together. It will be convenient to dispose them of by a common order.

2. S.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 2277/83 has been filed by All India Loco Running Staff Association, Northern Railway, Jodhpur, through its General Secretary, Shyam Lal Sharma, against (1) the Union of India and (2) the Divisional Personnel Officer, Northern Railway, Jodhpur Division, Jodhpur sacking to quash the order Anx. 1 dated March 1982 and for a direction against the non-petitioners to restore all the benefits of which the workmen referred therein have been deprived by the said order.

3. S.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 2343 of 1983 has been filed by Air India Loco Running Staff Association, Western Railway, Bikaner through its Divisional Secretary, Radha Krishna Sharma, praying that Anx. 1 dated March 2, 1981, may be quashed and the non-petitioners may be directed to restore all the benefits of which the workmen have been deprived by the said order.

4. S.B. Civil Writ Petition No. 2353 of 1983 has been filed by Alt India Loco Running Staff Association, N. Rly., Ajmer through its President Yaguyadutta Sharma against (1) the U