RAJASTHAN HIGH COURT
M.L.Shrimal, M.B.Sharma, JJ.
Hari Shanker - Appellant
Versus
State of Rajasthan - Respondent
S.B. Criminal (Jail) Appeal No. 118 of 1975.
Decided On : 7-12-1981
CRIMINAL APPEAL - Murder - Conviction and sentence - Challenge - Circumstantial evidence - Confession - Retracted confession - Recovery of stolen articles - Blood stained earth - Identification of ornaments - Presumption of innocence - Benefit of doubt.
Fact of the Case:
The accused-appellants, Hari Shanker and Bakshuram, were convicted and sentenced for the murder of Daulat Ram. The prosecution's case was based on circumstantial evidence, including a confession by Bakshuram, the recovery of stolen articles from Hari Shanker, and the identification of ornaments belonging to the deceased.
Finding of the Court:
The court held that the confession by Bakshuram was voluntary and true, and that it was corroborated by the recovery of stolen articles and the identification of ornaments. The court also held that the recovery of blood stained earth from Hari Shanker's house was not sufficient to connect him with the crime.
Issues: 1. Whether the confession by Bakshuram was voluntary and true. 2. Whether the recovery of stolen articles from Hari Shanker connected him with the crime. 3. Whether the identification of ornaments belonging to the deceased was sufficient to convict Hari Shanker.
Ratio Decidendi: 1. The court held that the confession by Bakshuram was voluntary and true because it was made after he was informed of his rights and given time to think about it. The court also noted that the confession was corroborated by other evidence, such as the recovery of stolen articles and the identification of ornaments. 2. The court held that the recovery of stolen articles from Hari Shanker did not connect him with the crime because there was no evidence that the articles were kept under lock and key and that there was no chance of tampering with the property between the recovery of the articles and their examination by the Chemical Examiner and the Serologist. 3. The court held that the identification of ornaments belonging to the deceased was sufficient to convict Hari Shanker because the ornaments were of a common pattern and could have been found with any villager.
Final Decision: The court upheld the conviction and sentence of Bakshuram, but acquitted Hari Shanker of the murder charge and convicted him of theft. The court sentenced Hari Shanker to three years' rigorous imprisonment.
U/s. 452 IPC Four years rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 51/- each. In default of payment of fine to further suffer 2 months rigorous imprisonment. U/s. 394 IPC Five years rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 51/- each. In default of payment of fine to further undergo 3 months R.I. U/s. 302/34 IPC Imprisonment for life and a fine of Rs. 101/- each. In default of payment of fine to further suffer six months' rigorous imprisonment.
The substantive sentences of imprisonment awarded to the accused-appellants were ordered to run concurrently. Both the accused appellants were acquitted of the offence under Section 458, IPC.
Bhagat Ram v. State of Punjab AIR 1954 SC 621
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