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2018 Supreme(Raj) 1986

IN THE HIGH COURT OF RAJASTHAN
Sangeet Lodha and Manoj Kumar Garg, JJ.
State Of Rajasthan - Appellant
Versus
Okha Bharti - Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 398 of 1993
Decided On : 05-02-2018

Advocates Appeared:
Mr. C.S. Ojha, Public Prosecutor, for the Appellant; Mr. Rajesh Choudhary, Advocate, for the Respondent

Headnote:

CRIMINAL APPEAL - SECTION 378 OF THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, 1973 - DYING DECLARATION - ADMISSIBILITY - CONDITIONS - SECTION 32(1) OF THE INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT, 1872 - SECTION 161 OF THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, 1973 - SECTION 498A OF THE INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1860 - SECTION 302 OF THE INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1860 - SECTION 302/114 OF THE INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1860 - SECTION 307 OF THE INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1860.

Fact of the Case:

The deceased Smt. Babi, wife of accused respondent no. 1 herein, was admitted to Primary Health Centre, Sanchore in severely burnt condition. On receiving information in this regard on wireless, SHO, Police Station, Sanchore, vide requisition dated 27. 3. 92 (Ex P/1) enquired from the Medical Officer, Primary Health Centre, Sanchore about the fitness of Smt. Babi to make a statement which was received by the Medical Officer on 27. 3. 92 at 2 P. M. On the Medical Officer certifying by way of endorsement on the requisition regarding fitness of Smt. Babi to make a statement, the SHO, Police Station, Sanchore, requested Tehsildar-cum-Executive Magistrate, Sanchore vide application dated 27. 3. 92 (Ex. P/2) to record the statement of Smt. Babi at the hospital. The Medical Officer again made an endorsement on the application (Ex. P/2) in the following terms: "Smt. Babi w/o of Okha Bharti, age 22 yrs. , caste Swami, R/o of Village Bichhawar is in position to give statement at time of admission". Accordingly, Moola Ram (PW 5), Tehsildar-cum-Executive Magistrate, Sanchore reached hospital and recorded the statement of Smt. Babi (Ex. P/7) on the same day at 2. 30 P. M.

Finding of the Court:

The dying declaration (Ex. P. /7) recorded as aforesaid cannot be held to be true, voluntary and wholly reliable without corroboration.

Issues: Whether the dying declaration (Ex. P. /7) recorded as aforesaid can be held to be true, voluntary and wholly reliable without corroboration.

Ratio Decidendi: 1. A dying declaration is admissible in evidence on the principle of necessity and can form the basis of conviction if it is found to be reliable. 2. In order that a dying declaration may form the sole basis for conviction without the need for independent corroboration it must be shown that the person making it had the opportunity of identifying the person implicated and is thoroughly reliable and free from blemish. 3. If, in the facts and circumstances of the case, it is found that the maker of the statement was in a fit state of mind and had voluntarily made the statement on the basis of personal knowledge without being influenced by others and the court on strict scrutiny finds it to be reliable, there is no Rule of law or even of prudence that such a reliable piece of evidence cannot be acted upon unless it is corroborated. 4. A dying declaration is an independent piece of evidence like any other piece of evidence, neither extra strong or weak, and can be acted upon without corroboration if it is found to be otherwise true and reliable.

Final Decision: Appeal dismissed.

JUDGMENT

Sangeet Lodha, J. - This criminal appeal under Section 378 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (for short "Cr. P. C. ") has been filed by the State aggrieved by the judgment and order dated 16. 2. 93 passed by Session Judge, Jalore in Session Case No. 32/92, acquitting the accused Okha Bharti of the charges for offences under Sections 302 & 498A IPC and accused Smt. Dariya of the charges for the offences under Sections 302/114 & 498A IPC.

2. Briefly the prosecution case is that on 27. 3. 92, Smt. Babi, the wife of accused respondent no. 1 herein was admitted to Primary Health Centre, Sanchore in severely burnt condition. On receiving information in this regard on wireless, SHO, Police Station, Sanchore, vide requisition dated 27. 3. 92 (Ex P/1) enquired from the Medical Officer, Primary Health Centre, Sanchore about the fitness of Smt. Babi to make a statement which was received by the Medical Officer on 27. 3. 92 at 2 P. M. . On the Medical Officer certifying by way of endorsement on the requisition regarding fitness of Smt. Babi to make a statement, the SHO, Police Station, Sanchore, requested Tehsildar-cum-Executive Magistrate, Sanchore vide application dated 27. 3. 92 (Ex. P/2) to record the statement of Smt. Babi at the hospital. The Medical Officer again made an endorsement on the application (Ex. P/2) in the following terms: "Smt. Babi w/o of Okha Bharti, age 22 yrs. , caste Swami, R/o of Village Bichhawar is in position to give statement at time of admission". Accordingly, Moola Ram (PW 5), Tehsildar-cum-Executive Magistrate, Sanchore reached hospital and recorded the statement of Smt. Babi (Ex. P/7) on the same day at 2. 30 P. M.

3. Smt. Babi in her statement (Ex. P/7) revealed that she had entered into marriage 5-6 years back. Her husband had illicit relations with his elder brother's wife Smt. Dariya. When she objected to it, on being tutored by Smt. Dariya, while she was sitting in her hut, her husband came with the jerrycan containing kerosine, poured the kerosine on her body, lit the match-stick and set her on fire. Thereafter, some people came there and extinguished the fire. On account of burn, she lost visibility and therefore, she could not identify the persons extinguishing the fire. She reiterated that on being asked by her Jethhani (husband's elder brother wife), her husband with an intention to kill her, poured the kerosine and set her on fire. She further alleged that her husband has poured kerosine and set her at fire with an intention to kill her on the asking of her Jethhani. The statement recorded as aforesaid was read over by the Tehsildar-cum-Executive Magistrate to the victim Smt. Babi, she accepted the same as correct, affixed her left hand thumb impression taken on the statement and Tehsildar-cum-Executive Magistrate also subscribed his signature. The statement recorded was forwarded by Tehsildar, Sanchore to SHO, Sanchore, who in his turn forwarded the same to the SHO, Police Station, Sarwana through Bajrang Singh, Constable. On the basis of the statement of Smt. Babi recorded as aforesaid, SHO, Police Station, Sarwana registered the FIR for commission of offences under Section 498A, 307 IPC and investigation commenced.

4. During the investigation, necessary memos were drawn and the statements of witnesses were recorded. On 29. 3. 92 at 2. 15 A. M. Smt. Babi expired. The dead body of Smt. Babi was subjected to autopsy. The accused Okha Bharti and Smt. Dariya were arrested. At the instance of accused Okha Bharti, the jerrycan of kerosine was recovered.

5. After completion of the investigation, police filed the charge sheet against the accused appellants for offences under Sections 302/109 & 498A IPC before the Judicial Magistrate, First Class, Sanchore. The matter was committed to the Session Judge, Jalore for trial. The trial Judge framed the charges against the accused appellants for offences under Sections 302, 302/114 & 498A IPC. The accused appellants denied the charges and clai

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