2002 Supreme(Raj) 311
Rajasthan High Court, Jaipur Bench
Honble KHEM CHAND SHARMA, J.
Mangi Lal - Appellant
Versus
State of Rajasthan - Respondents
S.B. Criminal Appeal No. 398 of 1999
Decided On : February 19, 2002
S.R. Bajwa, Sr. Advocate with V.R. Bajwa and Ali Mohammed, for Appellants B.M. Sharma, Public Prosecutor
Headnote:(a) Cr.P.C., 1973, Sec. 154 & Penal Code, Sec. 376(2)–FIR lodged after 19 hours– Delay in filing F.I.R.–Held – In sexual offences delay in lodging of the F.I.R. can be due to variety of reasons – It is only after giving a cool thought that a complaint of sexual offence is generally lodged – There is no fixed time for lodging the F.I.R. therefore delayed F.I.R. is not illegal. (Paras 11 & 12)(b) Evidence Act, Sec. 134 – Examination of witnesses – It is not necessary that a particular number of witnesses have to be examined so as to prove any fact – A single witness, if found trustworthy and reliable can be sufficient to base conviction even without corroboration. (Para 36)
The Courts cannot over- look the fact that in sexual offences delay in loding of the FIR can be due to variety of reasons, particularly the reluctance of the prosecutrix or her family members to go to the police and complaint about the incident which concerns the reputation of the prosecutrix and the honour of her family. It is only after giving a cool thought that a complaint of sexual offence is generally lodged. (Para 11)
It has also to be kept in mind that law has not fixed any time for loding the FIR and therefore it can be said that delayed FIR is not illegal. undisputedly, lodging the FIR immediately after the offence is committed is the ideal because that would give the prosecution a twin advantages. First is that Investigating Agency may proceed with investigation without any time lapse and second is that it rules out the opportunity for any concoction of a false version. (Para 12)
So far as examination of witnesses in criminal cases is concerned, what has to be seen is the quality of the evidence and not the Plurality of the witnesses, which can be the only important aspect in appraisal of evidence. Even the testimony of a single witness can be sufficient to prove the guilt against the accused if the witness is found to be enti- rely reliable and worthy of credence. Even under the provisions of Sec.134 of the Eviden- ce Act, it is not necessary that a particular number of witnesses will have to be exami- ned so as to prove any fact. Even a single witness, if found trustworthy and reli- able can be sufficient to base conviction even without corroboration. Thus, in my view, what is material is the quality of evidence and that the number of witnesses. (Para 36)
(2). Briefly stated the facts of the prosecution case are that on 28.8.1996 complainant Pappu, PW-2 submitted a written report, Ex.P1 at Police Station Mandawar with the allegation that on 27.8.96 at 8.00 PM, he alongwith his wife had come to his in-laws in village Pakhar Chauraki from Delhi. At about 8.00 PM wile he and his wife were going on foot to the Dhani of his father-in-law and soon they reached near a field situated ahead Khara-Kua, he found the accused appellants consuming liquor at the field. The accused first gave him beating and then Banwari and Mangilal caught hold of him and threatened him to kill on his raising hue and cry. He then alleged that accused Hukam Singh took his wife to some distance and started committing rape on her. Thereafter Mangilal and Banwari committed rape on her by turn. After committing rape, the accused snatched Rs. 850/- from his pocket and a HMT Kohinoor watch. They also took away a golen `janter from the neck of his wife. The accused threatened them not to disclose the incident to any one, else they will kill them. Thereafter he alongwith his wife went to his in-laws in the Dhani, where he disclosed the incident to his father-in-law and other residents of Dhani.
(3). On the basis of above written report, police registered a criminal case under Sections 376 and 379 IPC against the appellants vide FIR Ex.P4 and proceeded to investigate the case.
(4). During investigation, the police prepared site plan Ex.P2, seized a broken bangle from the place of incident vide memo Ex.P3, arrested the accused Hukam Singh and recovered one HMT Kohinoor watch at his instance vide memo Ex.P5. After completion of investigation, police submitted a charge sheet against the appellants in the court of Judicial Magistrate, Mahva, who in turn committed the case to the court of Sessions.
(5). The case came to be tried by the Additional Sessions Judge, Bandikui. The learned Addl. Sessions Judge, after hearing arguments of both the parties, framed charges against the accused appellants for offence under Sections 392 and 376 (2) IPC. The accused denied the charges and claimed trial.
(6). During trial, the prosecution, in support of its case, examined as many as 10 witnesses and exhibited some documents. After the prosecution evidence was over, the accused appellants were examined under Section 313 Cr.P.C. The accused in their explanation stated that prosecution allegation to be false and intended to produce evidence in their defence. However, despite sufficient opportunity having been granted to them, the accused failed to examine any witness in their defence.
(7). At the conclusion of trial, the learned trial court vide its judgment under appeal found all the three accused appellants guilty under Section 376 (2) IPC. The trial court also found appellant Hukam Singh guilty under Sec. 392 IPC and according convicted and sentenced them as aforesaid.
(8). Feeling aggrieved by their conviction and sentences, the appellants have preferred these appeals under Sec. 374 Cr.P.C.
(9). I have heard Mr. SR Bajw