Supreme Court
Honble Y.K. SABHARWAL & B.N. AGRAWAL, JJ.
D.S. Lakshmaiah & Anr. - Appellant
Versus
L. Balasubramanyam & Anr. - Respondents
D.B. Civil Appeal No. 2089 of 2000
Decided On : August 27, 2003
Legal principle, therefore, is that there is no presumption of a property being joint family property only on account of existence of joint Hindu family. The one who asserts has to prove that the property is a joint family property. If, however, the person so asserting proves that there was nucleus with which the joint family property could be acquired, there would be presumption of the property being joint and the onus would shift on the person who claims it to be self-acquired property to prove that he purchased the property with his own funds and not out of joint family nucleus that was available. (Para 18)
Property separate or self- acquired of a member of joint Hindu family may be impressed with the character of joint family property if it is voluntarily thrown by the owner into the common stock with the intention of abandoning has separate claim therein but to establish such abandonment a clear intention to waive separate rights must be established. From the mere fact that other members of the family were allowed to use the property jointly with himself, or that the income of the separate property was utilized out of generosity to support persons whom the holder was not bound to support, or from the failure to maintain separate accounts, abandonment cannot be inferred, for an act of generosity or kindness will not ordinarily be regarded as an admission of a legal obligation. (Para 19)
(2). The respondent in this appeal are original plaintiff. They filed a suit for declaration of their 2/3rd share, partition and possession thereof in respect of two properties described as Item No. 1 and Item No. 2. According to them, Schedule Item No. 2 property come to appellant No. 1 (original defendant No. 1 in the suit) in partition between him and him brothers and it is an ancestral property. The Item No. Property, according to the averments in the plaint, was acquired by plaintiffs and the first defendant out of joint Hindu family funds and the first defendant was trying to alienate the suit property for his self benefit and not for the benefit of the members of the family. When, during the pendency of the suit, it came to notice of the plaintiff that Item No. 1 property had been sold by the first appellant, on their application, appellant No. 2 was impleded as defendant No. 2 in the suit.
(3). The trial court decreed the suit holding that the respondents are entitled to 2/3rd share in the properties as also possession thereof and also granting other consequential reliefs.
(4). The first appellate Court, however, allowed two separate appeals that had been filed by each of the appellant end (Sic and) and the suit was ordered to be dismissed. It was held that the respondents have failed to prove that Item No. 1 property was joint Hindu family property. The said property was held to be the self acquired property of the first appellant. It further held that respondents No. 1 has failed to prove that any amount of income was available in the hands of the first appellant to purchase Item No. 1 property noticing that except 15 guntas of land (Item No. 2 property), there was no ancestral property with the first appellant and that the trial Court was not correct in observing that in was for the first appellant to show that no enucleus us of ancestral property was available with him to purchase Item No. 1 property.
(5). The judgment and decree of the first appellate Court was challenged by the respondents before the High Court in a second appeal (Regular Second Appeal No. 213/91). That appeal was filed by son and mother. On a memo filed by respondent No. 1 who was first appellant before the High Court, his second appeal was dismissed and only the claim of his mother who prosecuted the second appeal was examined by the High Court. The High Court by the impugned judgment restored the judgment and decree of the trial court, setting aside that of the first appellate Court.
(6). The High Court has held that Item No. 2 property has been proved to be joint Hindu family property and the respondents have share in it. The finding in respect of Item No. 2 property has not been challenged before us. Even otherwise, there is no ground to upset the said finding of fact. The only controversy that has been raised before us is in respect of Item No. 1 property. The said property was purchased by the first appellant in the year 1970-71. It was sold by him in favour of the second appellant in the year 1987 after filing of the suit. The only question to the examined is whether Item No. 1 property was self-acquired property of the first appellant of it was joint Hindu family property in which the respondents/plaintiffs had 2/3rd share. Answering this question in favour of the respondents, the High Court has held that the second appellant could only be entitled to purchase 1/3rd share from the first appellant who had no right to sell the remaining 2/3rd share in Item No. 1 property.
(7). The question to be determined in the present case is as to who is required to prove the nature of property whether it is joint Hindu family property of self-acquired property of the first appellant.
(8). There was evidence and it has been established that Item No. 2 measu
2. Srinivas Krishnanrao Kango vs. Narayan Deviji Kango & Ors. (AIR 1954 SC 379)
7. Achuthan Nair vs. Chinnammu Amma & Ors. (AIR 1966 SC 411)
8. Mallappa Girimallappa Betgeri & Ors. vs. R. Yellappagouda Patil & Ors. (AIR 1959 SC 906)
3. Mudi Gowda Gowdappa Sankh vs. Ram Chandra Ravagowd Sankh (1969(1) SCC 386)
his L.Rs. & Ors. (1973 (2) SCC 334)
5. Surendra Kumar vs. Phoolchand (dead through LRs. & Anr. (1996 (2) SCC 491)
10. K.V. Narayanan vs. K.V. Ranganadhan & Ors. (1977(1) SCC 244)
1. Appalaswami vs. Saryanarayanamurti & Ors. (AIR 1947 PC 189)
9. Lakkireddi Chinna Venkata Reddy vs. Lakkireddi Lakshamama (1964 (2) SCR 172)
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