High Court Of Himachal Pradesh
R.S.PATHAK,C.R.THAKUR
KANSHI RAM - Appellant
Versus
BANSI LAL - Respondent
Civil Review No. 1 of 1974
Decided On : 12/27/1976
INTERIM INJUNCTION - NULLITY OF ORDER - FINDING OF PRIMA FACIE CASE - SCOPE AND EFFECT - REVIEW - JURISDICTIONAL ERROR - BALANCE OF CONVENIENCE - IRREPARABLE LOSS - SUIT NOT DISPOSED OF - TRIAL COURT'S DUTY TO DECIDE ISSUES AFRESH - RES JUDICATA - INDEPENDENT OPINION OF TRIAL COURT - CHANGE IN LAW.
Fact of the Case:
The landlord applied for eviction of the tenant under the East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction Act. The Controller passed an order of eviction in terms of a compromise. The tenant filed a suit for a declaration that the order was a nullity and obtained an interim injunction. The landlord appealed, and the District Judge vacated the injunction. The tenant filed a revision petition, and this Court held that the order of the Controller was a nullity and restored the injunction.
Finding of the Court:
The Court held that the finding that the order of the Controller was a nullity was a finding in regard to a prima facie case only and did not dispose of the suit itself. The Court also held that the trial court is bound to ignore the finding when it proceeds to dispose of the suit and to apply its mind independently to the decision of the issue.
Issues: Whether the finding that the order of the Controller was a nullity disposed of the suit itself.
Ratio Decidendi: A finding on an application for interim relief only is limited to the context in which it has been given. It is a finding on an application for interim relief only. Any opinion expressed by the court, whether it be of the trial Court or an appellate Court or revisional Court, cannot in law preclude the trial Court from considering the issue afresh when deciding the suit, and for that purpose it must have regard to all the material then before it.
Final Decision: The review application was rejected.
R. S. Pathak, C. J.:-This review petition prays for the recalling of our judgment and order dated June 19, 1974*allowing a revision petition. * Reported in AIR 1975 Him Pra 15.
2. The petitioner is the landlord of a shop in Solan. He applied under S. 13 of the East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction Act for the eviction of the respondent-tenant from the shop. On July 29, 1970 the Controller passed an order of eviction in terms of a compromise arrived at between the parties. Under the compromise the tenant agreed to vacate the accommodation by February 1, 1971.
3. On March 16, 1972 a suit was filed by the tenant for a declaration that the order dated July 29, 1970 was a nullity and he was not obliged to leave the premises. He also applied for an interim injunction. The learned Subordinate Judge granted an injunction on May 20, 1972 restraining the landlord from enforcing the order of the Controller during the pendency of the suit. The landlord filed an appeal, and on November 28, 1972 the learned District Judge made an order vacating the injunction. Thereafter, the tenant applied in revision to this Court against the order of the learned District Judge. This Court held that the order of the Controller was a nullity, the order having been made without reference to any of the statutory grounds of eviction. Being a nullity, the Court said, the order could be questioned by a suit in a court of law. The court observed that the order of the learned District Judge vacating the injunction suffered from a jurisdictional error. The Court set aside the order of the learned District Judge and restored the order of the learned Subordinate Judge granting an injunction.
4. And now this review petition has been filed by the landlord.
5. Learned counsel for the landlord urges that this Court has held that the order of the Controller is a nullity and in the result has disposed of the suit itself. Learned counsel reminds us that in a proceeding for interim injunction the Court should not render a finding which terminates the suit itself in which the injunction is prayed for. Ordinarily, we would have no hesitation in endorsing the proposition advanced by learned counsel. But let us examine what has happened in the present case. The learned Subordinate Judge granted an injunction after holding that the order of the Controller was a nullity and therefore the tenant had a prima facie case to go to trial, that the balance of convenience was in his favour and apparently an irreparable loss would be suffered in the event of his being compelled to vacate the premises. In the appeal filed by the landlord against that order, it appears that the only point pressed before the learned District Judge related to the question whether the order of the Controller was a nullity and therefore whether the suit was not barred by the East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction Act. A perusal of the order of the learned District Judge does not show that the landlord questioned the finding of the learned Subordinate Judge in relation to the balance of convenience between the parties or made any attempt to have the point determined whether the tenant would suffer irreparable loss if an injunction was not granted. When the revision was heard by this Court, again the point in controversy between the parties remained whether the order of the Controller was a nullity. No attempt was made by the landlord to show that even if the order could be described as a nullity and therefore a prima facie case could be said to exist in favour of the tenant, the ingredients of balance of convenience and irreparable loss were not satisfied by the tenant, and the findings of the learned Subordinate Judge in that behalf were erroneous.
6. Now, therefore, this Court was called upon to decide the question whether the order of the Controller was a nullity and a prima facie case existed in favour of the tenant. The question whether the order of the Controller was a nullity had recei
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