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1952 Supreme(HP) 3

HIGH COURT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
CHOWDHRY, J.
Mt. Krishni
Versus
Gannun
Second Appeal No. 17 of 1950
Decided On : 07-01-1952

Advocates:
Harish Chandar, for Appellant; Balmukand for Respondent.

The main legal point established in the judgment is the significance of proving custom for succession rights under Hindu Law, the relevance of unchastity at the time of property devolution, and the necessity of framing proper issues in property disputes.

Headnote:

Hindu Law - Property Dispute - S. 45 of Punjab Land Revenue Act, 1887, Hindu Womens Rights to Property Act, 1937 - The court discussed the applicability of Hindu Law, Punjab Land Revenue Act, 1887, and Hindu Womens Rights to Property Act, 1937 in a property dispute. The court emphasized the devolution of property, unchastity, and the relevance of custom in determining succession rights.

Fact of the Case:

The plaintiff filed a suit for a declaration that the defendant had no right, title, or interest in the moiety share recorded in her name and that the plaintiff was entitled to the correction of the revenue records. The defendant resisted the claim, citing custom, unchastity, and the applicability of the Hindu Womens Rights to Property Act, 1937.

Finding of the Court:

The District Judge allowed the plaintiff's appeal, granting a declaratory decree in favor of the plaintiff. The court held that the defendant failed to prove any custom for succession and that she became unchaste before the devolution of property, thus not entitled to inherit the property.

Issues: The issues included the applicability of the suit under S. 45 of the Punjab Land Revenue Act, 1887, the relevance of unchastity, the entitlement to the benefits of the Hindu Womens Rights to Property Act, 1937, and the finding on custom.

Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized the importance of framing proper issues, the relevance of unchastity at the time of property devolution, and the necessity of proving custom for succession rights.

Final Decision: The case was remanded for trial on specific issues related to unchastity, seduction, custom, and possession of the property.

JUDGMENT :- This is a second appeal by Mst. Krishni, the plaintiff-respondent Gannun being her deceased husband Tulsis brother. Tulsi had predeceased his father Kakhu. Kakhu died in 1994 B and on 26-1-1995 the landed property which had stood recorded in his name was mutated half in the name of Gannun and half in that of Mst. Krishni. On the basis of this record Mst. Krishni applied to the revenue officer in 2004 for partition of her moiety share. This application was resisted by Gannun and, on being so directed by the revenue officer, he filed the present suit against Mst. Krishni on 22-7-2004 for a declaration that the defendant had no right, title or interest in the moiety share which stood recorded in her name and that the plaintiff was entitled to the correction of the revenue records by removal of the defendants name and substitution of his own.

2. The plaint allegations were that the parties were governed by the Hindu Law; that Tulsi died as a member of a joint Hindu family consisting of himself and his father Kakhu and brother Gannun (the plaintiff); that the defendant became unchaste after her husbands death; that on the death of Kakhu the entire family property had devolved upon the plaintiff as the sole surviving coparcener and there was no right and interest which could devolve upon the defendant; that her name had been mutated in the revenue records unlawfully and by mistake; that the entire property had been in possession of the plaintiff; and that he had come to know of the wrong entry in the revenue records only during the partition proceedings instituted by the defendant.

3. The defendants written statement, which is a clumsy handiwork of a petition writer, is a rigmarole of repetition and verbosity. The sum and substance of it however was that she traversed the plaint paragraph containing the allegation that the parties were governed by the Hindu Law, and that the property had devolved upon the plaintiff as a sole surviving coparcener on the death of Kakhu. She admitted that a son was born to her after the death of her husband, but she denied that she could for that reason be said to have become unchaste since, she alleged, the plaintiff had seduced her into illicit intimacy with himself in order to deprive her of her rights in the family property. She categorically denied there was illicit intimacy between her and any body else. She pleaded further that the parties, being members of an agricultural tribe, were governed by custom, described by her as Riwaj-i-zamindara, in matters of succession; that she had succeeded to a life interest in the moiety share in suit; that after the estate had vested in her it could not be divested by the subsequent birth of her illegitimate child and she was entitled to remain in possession of the property; that the suit was time barred; that the suit was barred by estoppel because the plaintiff was present when the property was mutated in her favour on the death of Kakhu and he remained quiet thereafter until she applied for partition; that the suit for correction of revenue records was not maintainable; and that it was liable to dismissal with compensatory costs to her under S. 35 A, C. P. Code.

4. The learned Subordinate Judge dismissed the suit on 30-5-1949, but the learned District Judge of Bilaspur allowed the plaintiffs appeal on 6-11-1950 and granted a declaratory decree in favour of the plaintiff to the effect that the entries in the revenue records showing the defendant as owner of the moiety share in suit was incorrect and the plaintiff was entitled to have it corrected by the substitution of his own name for that of the defendant. The defendant has now come up in second appeal to this Court.

5. The learned District Judge has allowed the plaintiffs appeal and granted the aforesaid declaratory decree on two findings. Firstly, he has held that the defendant had failed to prove any custom whereunder a predeceased sons widow succeeds like a son; that the Hindu Womens Rights t

























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