IN THE HIGH COURT OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR AT SRINAGAR
Hakim Imtiyaz Hussain, J.
Sat Paul Sahani & Ors. - Appellant
Versus
Ved Paul & Ors. - Respondent
Civil Revision No. 86/2006
Decided On : 31 August, 2006
Legal Representatives - Code of Civil Procedure - Order 22 Rule 3, 4 - The court discussed the mandatory provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure and the principles of natural justice underlying Order 22 Rules 3 and 4. It emphasized the importance of affording legal representatives an opportunity to be heard before any liability is fastened upon them. The court also highlighted the statutory protection against eviction as a personal plea available to the statutory tenant and not to his legal representatives.
Fact of the Case:
The plaintiff filed a suit for ejectment and recovery of arrears of rent against the defendant who expired during the pendency of the suit. The legal representatives of the deceased defendant sought to be formally brought on record as defendants, but the court dismissed their application, leading to the present revision petition.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the legal representatives actively participated in the proceedings, were provided with sufficient opportunity to defend the case, and were effectively representing the estate of the deceased. It held that the failure to pass a formal order to bring the legal representatives on record did not amount to a miscarriage of justice.
Issues: The main issue was whether the failure to formally bring the legal representatives of the deceased defendant on record as defendants in the case amounted to a violation of the mandatory provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure.
Ratio Decidendi: The court emphasized the principles of natural justice underlying Order 22 Rules 3 and 4, highlighting the importance of affording legal representatives an opportunity to be heard before any liability is fastened upon them. It also clarified that the statutory protection against eviction is a personal plea available to the statutory tenant and not to his legal representatives.
Final Decision: The court dismissed the revision petition, holding that the failure to pass a formal order to bring the legal representatives on record did not amount to any illegality or irregularity causing prejudice to the other side.
2. In a suit for ejectment and recovery of arrears of rent filed by Ved Paul Sahani against Chuni Lal S/o Late Kripa Ram C/o Prem Ji and Co. Old Hospital Road Gonikhun, Amirakadal, Srinagar the defendant expired during the pendency of the suit. The plaintiff moved an application for brining the legal representatives of the deceased-defendant on record on 27.1.1996. The legal representatives caused their appearance through their Advocate Mr.Mushtaq Ahmed. The Court without formally impleading the legal representatives as defendants in the case proceeded with the suit and conducted the proceedings. On 23.5.2004 the legal representatives of the deceased defendants filed an application praying that application of plaintiff dated 27.1.1996 be decided first and they be formally brought on record as defendants in the plaint and they be allowed to make their defence appropriate to their character as legal heirs of the deceased defendants. The court considered the said application of the legal representatives of the deceased defendant and by means of the order impugned held that the application was not maintainable as the legal heirs of the deceased defendant have already been brought on record. The Court, therefore, dismissed the said application.
3. Feeling aggrieved of the said order the present revision petition has been filed by the legal representatives of the said deceased defendant mainly on the ground that the Court has ignored the mandatory provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure and has without formally bringing the legal representatives as defendants in the case proceeded with the suit which has caused prejudice to them. Petitioners are also aggrieved that when this fact was brought to the notice of the learned trial Court, the Court instead of following the due procedure of law, has summarily rejected their prayer and thus caused substantial failure of justice.
4. Heard the learned counsels. I have perused the trial courts record. I have also gone through the order impugned. On consideration of the matter I find there is no ground to allow the present revision petition.
5. The record would show that admittedly the defendant Chuni Lal has died on 27.1.1996 i.e. during the pendency of the said civil suit. The plaintiffs filed an application on 27.1.1996 for bringing the legal representatives of the deceased defendants on record. The Court issued notices to the legal representatives but despite such notice they did not appear. The court directed their service through publication. On 22.3.1997 Mr. Mushtaq Ahmed, Advocate caused appearance before the trial Court on behalf of the legal heirs and sought time to produce power of attorney on their behalf. The learned counsel later produced the power of attorney on 17.5.1997 thereafter the Court dealt with the case in accordance with the procedure and recorded the statement of the witnesses produced by the legal representatives of the deceased defendants. The interim orders would show that the legal representatives of the deceased defendants have actively participated in the proceedings of the case. They have moved the Court for amendment of written statement and have even challenged some of the orders of the trial Court before this Court through various revision petitions. When the legal representatives were so actively participating and defending the case, there was no need to pass a formal order as prayed by the legal representatives to Court, to bring them on record as the defendants in the case. The trial Court has considered this aspect of the case and has passed a detailed and well reasoned order holding that the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure have been complied with in the case. The Court has observed as under:--
"The present suit is pending before this court since 24.11.1986 and the basic principle underlying order 2
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