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2004 Supreme(J&K) 32

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR AT JAMMU
S.K. Gupta, J.
J&K Bank Ltd. - Appellant
Versus
S. Surjit Singh & Ors. - Respondent
CIA No. 3/2000
Decided On : 26 February, 2004

Advocates Appeared:
Advocate For Appellant: R.P. Jamwal
Advocate For Respondent: S. Singh

The main legal point established in the judgment is the interpretation of Section 19 of the Limitation Act and its application to the acknowledgment of debt in extending the limitation period for loan recovery.

Headnote:

Bank Loan Recovery - Limitation Act - [Section 19 of the Limitation Act, J&K Limitation Act, Article 182(7), Article 104, Article 105] - The court analyzed the promissory note, guarantee deed, and DP note to determine the extension of the limitation period for the recovery of a bank loan. The court considered the acknowledgment of debt, statutory presumption of consideration, and the payment of installments to decide the suit's limitation status.

Fact of the Case:

The plaintiff-bank filed a suit for the recovery of a loan amount against the defendants. The court below dismissed the claim of the plaintiff-bank as time-barred.

Finding of the Court:

The court found that the fresh DP note did not extend the limitation period, and the suit was time-barred. The court also rejected the appellant's arguments regarding the statutory presumption of consideration and the payment of installments.

Issues: The issues included the extension of the limitation period, acknowledgment of debt, statutory presumption of consideration, and the payment of installments.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the fresh DP note did not acknowledge the outstanding liability, and the suit was time-barred as per the provisions of the Limitation Act.

Final Decision: The appeal was dismissed as possessing no merit, and no costs were awarded.

1. Initiated by the unsuccessful plaintiff-bank, this Appeal seeks the correctness of the judgment and decree dated 27.11.99 drawn by the First Addl. District Judge (Bank Cases) Jammu, in an action instituted by the plaintiff-bank for the recovery of Rs.354558.18 paisa against the defendants-respondents on account of loan and advance for the purchase of TATA Truck. In culmination of the trial of the suit, the court below dismissed the claim of the plaintiff-bank for the recovery of the suit amount in declaring it as barred by period of limitation.

2. The appellant J&K Bank Ltd. (in short The Bank) commenced a suit for recovery of Rs.354558.18 paisa, due under the pronote and guarantee deed, against defendants namely S. Surjit Singh, S. Prem Singh and Sh. Behari Lal Gupta, respectively.

3. According to the plaintiff-bank, an amount of Rs.2,20,000/- as loan was sanctioned in favour of defendant No. 1 for the purchase of new TATA truck who agree to repay the same in seventy equal monthly installments of Rs.4354/- each. A Hundi dated 12.08.1981 for the loan amount was executed by defendant No. 1, besides the deed of hypothecation whereby defendant No.1 hypothecated the purchased truck, trust receipt, irrevocable power of attorney, letter of undertaking and an affidavit in favour of bank by way of security of the loan amount advanced by the Bank. Whereas, the defendants 2 and 3 executed guarantee agreement dated 12.8.81 for the said amount and guaranteed repayment of the loan amount along with interest, at the rate of 3.50% p.a. OBR with minimum rate of 12%p.a. or any other rate of interest prescribed by the Reserve Bank of India from time to time. However, failure of defendants No. 1 (borrower) to discharge his obligation to pay the installments of the loan amount in terms agreed to by the parties rendered the loan account irregular and sticky. This led the bank to raise a demand notice dated 4.2.87 issued to the defendants requiring the repayment of the loan amount with interest accrued thereon. Further case of the bank is that the defendant No.1 (borrower) again approached the bank and sought some time to repay the loan amount. The borrower further stated to have executed a D.P. Note wherein he admitted and acknowledged the liability of past debt existing and outstanding against him of a sum of Rs.299865.52 NP and thus, thereby, extended the period of limitation. It is further, stated that the borrower defendant No. 1 promised to repay the amount at the rate of 2-1/2% OBR with minimum of 12-1/2% p.a. Failure of the defendant to repay the amount of loan along with the agreed interest despite various demands, the plaintiff-bank, preferred the suit for recovery of Rs.354,558.18 NP, both on account of principal and interest accrued thereon.

4. Resistance to the suit has been made on a blend of objections both preliminary and on merits. The preliminary objection taken was that the suit being time barred is liable to be dismissed. On merits, while admitting the amount of Rs. 220,000/- advanced as loan for the purchase of vehicle by the plaintiff-bank, defendant No. 1 asserted that the rate of interest on the loan was 11% p.a. It was further stated that the loan was advanced by the bank under 20 Point Economic Programme floated by the Central Government for working people. The defendants claim to have signed number of blank papers at the time of sanction of the loan. Thereafter the defendants have denied to sign any paper/document with the bank. It was also admitted that the defendants 2 and 3 signed certain documents with the assurance that it is only a formality. The defendant No.1 further expressed inability to pay the remaining amount by installments as the bank did not issue No. Objection Certificate when demanded by him. The vehicle is also stated to have remained off the road on account of riots of 1984. The defendants emphatically denied to have executed or signed any document of the nature of Hundi in favour of the plaintiff-ban











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