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2018 Supreme(J&K) 952

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR AT SRINAGAR
M.K. HANJURA, J.
Ayoub Gojar and Ors. - Appellants
Versus
Financial Commissioner Revenue and Ors. - Respondents
OWP No. 184 of 2015
Decided On : 14-03-2018

Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant :Nazim Khan, Advocate
For the Respondents:M.A. Wani and Zainul Aabidin, Advocates

Headnote:

Shariat Act - Mutation Proceedings - 2007 Shariat Act - 2007 Shariat Act, Section 3 - The judgment discusses the application of the 2007 Shariat Act to mutation proceedings and the interpretation of Section 3 of the Act. It highlights the retrospective nature of the Act and its application to suits and proceedings pending on the date of its enforcement as well as those filed after its enforcement. The court emphasizes that the Act applies to all questions regarding intestate succession, special property of females, marriage dissolution, dower, guardianship, gifts, trusts, and trust properties, where the parties are Muslims. The judgment also clarifies that the Act does not apply to mutations attested before its enactment.

Fact of the Case:

The petitioners seek to quash an order passed by the Financial Commissioner and implore for a writ of mandamus commanding the respondents not to disturb their possession of the land. The dispute revolves around mutations attested in 1959 regarding the landed estate of Jamal-ud-Din. The petitioners challenge the mutations on various grounds, including the application of Muslim Personal Law and Customary Law, lack of proper enquiry, and the petitioner's minority at the time of attestation.

Finding of the Court:

The court found that the mutations were attested without proper enquiry and in violation of the instructions contained in Standing Order 23-A. It also held that the revision petition was not time-barred and that the mutations did not stand the test of law. The court emphasized the application of the 2007 Shariat Act to the case and set aside the mutations, remanding the case for appropriate orders in accordance with Muslim Personal Law and the procedure laid down in Standing Order 23-A.

Issues: The issues revolve around the application of the 2007 Shariat Act to mutation proceedings, the validity of the mutations attested in 1959, the lack of proper enquiry, and the petitioner's minority at the time of attestation.

Ratio Decidendi: The court's decision is based on the finding that the mutations were attested without proper enquiry and in violation of the instructions contained in Standing Order 23-A. The court also emphasizes the retrospective nature of the 2007 Shariat Act and its application to suits and proceedings pending on the date of its enforcement as well as those filed after its enforcement.

Final Decision: The petition is allowed, and the impugned order of the Financial Commissioner is set aside. The private respondents are directed to seek enforcement of their rights in a Civil Court, which shall decide the matter on its own merits without being influenced by any observation made in the order.

ORDER :

M.K. Hanjura, J.

1. In this petition, filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of India read with Section 103 of the Constitution of the State of Jammu and Kashmir, the petitioners crave the indulgence of this Court in quashing the order dated 28.01.2015 passed by the Ld. Financial Commissioner (Revenue), in a revision petition bearing file No. 290/FC-AP. The petitioners also implore for the grant of a writ of mandamus commanding the respondents not to disturb their possession in respect of the land that forms the subject matter of the petition on the grounds, inter alia, that the respondent No. 3 herein (the petitioner before the Ld. Financial Commissioner) has abused the process of law with ulterior motives. The judgment passed by the learned Financial Commissioner is illegal. The Shariat Act of 2007 does not apply to the case in hand where the mutations have been attested before a period of more than five decades, and that if such an interpretation is allowed to be given to the Act, thousands of mutations attested under the Customary Law will have to be set aside which will open a Pandora's Box.

2. The facts under the shade and cover of which this petition has been filed require to be enumerated here and these are that the respondent No. 3 here in this petition filed a revision on 15.05.2013 before the learned Financial Commissioner, J&K, Srinagar, against the mutation Nos. 176 and 179 attested on 23.09.1959 viz-a-viz the landed estate of Jamal-ud-Din situate at Margund, Tehsil Ganderbal (now Kangan). Jamal-ud-Din had contracted two marriages, one with Mst. Bakhti and the other with Mst. Saira. Mst. Bakhti gave birth to a son from the ribs of Jamal-ud-Din and his name was Yaqoob. The petitioner before the learned Financial Commissioner and Reshma were born from the thighs of Mst. Sara. Reshma is the mother of respondent Nos. 6 and 7 as they figured before the learned Financial Commissioner. Yaqoob died during the life time of his father leaving behind two sons, namely, Ayoub Gojar, respondent No. 1 in the revision petition and Mehboob, who is survived by four daughters, respondent Nos. 2 to 5 before the learned Financial Commissioner.

3. In order to understand the relation of the parties in the right perspective the pedigree table as it relates to them is delineated herein below:

 

Jamal Din

 

Mst. Bakhti (Ist Wife)

 

Mst. Sara (2nd Wife)

Yakoob

Mst. Galu

 

 

 

 

Gh. Rasool

Mst. Reshma

Ayub

 

Mehboob

 

Rafeeqa

Shafeeqa

 

Azra

Zaie

Zuhra

Zainub

 

4. The petitioner assailed the order passed in the two mutations detailed herein, before the learned Financial Commissioner, mainly on the grounds: (a) that the parties being Muslims are governed by the norms of Muslim Personal Law and the impugned mutations have neither been attested under the Muslim Personal Law nor under the Customary Law; (b) that no enquiry has been conducted by the mutating officer before attesting the mutations; (c) that two separate mutations have been attested in respect of the one and the same inheritance; (d) that the petitioner was a minor at the time of the attestation of the mutations; and (e) that the respectable persons of the village were not associated with the mutation proceedings.

The learned Financial Commissioner after scanning and evaluating the pleadings of the parties and the material placed before him, came to the following conclusion:

"2. The case was heard over several dates. Both counsels filed written arguments. Learned Counsel for the petitioner has repeated the grounds taken by him in the memo of Revision. Learned Counsel for the Respondents has stated that the petitioner himself is a beneficiary of the mutation; has no locus to challenge the mutations, and that the Revision is time bar

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