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2026 Supreme(Jhk) 491

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JHARKHAND AT RANCHI
SANJAY KUMAR DWIVEDI, J.
Sugni Mohuli, wife of Mohan Mohuli, D/o. late Biram Mohuli – Appellant
Versus
Sudhir Mohuli, son of late Suku Mohuli – Respondent 
Second Appeal No. 226 of 2014
Decided On : 15-04-2026

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellants :Mr. N.P. Choudhary, Advocate.
For the Respondents:Mr. D.C. Mishra, Advocate.

In a second appeal under Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure, the High Court cannot re-appreciate evidence or interfere with concurrent findings of fact unless such findings are perverse, illegal, or suffer from a significant procedural error.

Headnote:(A) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Section 100 - Second Appeal - Concurrent findings of fact - Scope of interference - High Court is not required to re-appreciate evidence in a second appeal, and interference is only warranted if findings are proven to be perverse or involve a substantial question of law. (Paras 12, 13)

(B) Personal Law - Inheritance and Succession - Applicable customs - Applicability of religious rites and customs for inheritance by tribal communities - Effect of judicial admissions - Where parties and witnesses repeatedly admit to being governed by specific succession laws, such admissions carry weight and bind the parties, precluding reliance on different customary practices. (Para 11)

Facts of the case:
A suit for partition was filed claiming that parties, despite their tribal identity, had adopted religious rites and customs for all purposes, including inheritance and succession. The defendants contested the suit by claiming they were governed by their own distinct customary laws, denying the genealogical connections, and asserting sole ownership of the subject property.

Findings of Court:
The trial court and the first appellate court concurrently found that the parties had adopted religious succession laws for all cultural and inheritance purposes. The first appellate court observed that clear admissions by the defendants regarding their adherence to religious law made their later claims of tribal customary law untenable.

Issues: The central issues were whether the parties were governed by religious succession laws despite their tribal identity and whether the concurrent findings of the lower courts warranted interference by the High Court in a second appeal.

Ratio Decidendi: Where trial and first appellate courts arrive at concurrent findings of fact based on a thorough appreciation of oral and documentary evidence, the High Court cannot interfere under its second appellate jurisdiction. Findings are final unless they are demonstrated to be perverse or contrary to established legal principles governing admissions.

Result: Appeal dismissed.

Table of Content
1. procedural history and suit initiation for partition. (Para 1 , 2 , 3 , 7)
2. conflicting claims regarding inheritance, caste customs, and possession. (Para 4 , 5 , 6)
3. application of hindu law to tribal communities via adoption. (Para 8 , 9 , 10 , 11)
4. scope of section 100 cpc and finality of concurrent findings. (Para 12 , 13 , 14)

JUDGMENT :

Sanjay Kumar Dwivedi, J.

Heard Mr. N.P. Choudhary, learned counsel appearing for the appellants and Mr. D.C. Mishra, learned counsel appearing for the respondents.

2. This second appeal has been filed by the defendants / appellants being aggrieved and dissatisfied with the judgment dated 25.08.2014 and the decree following thereupon signed on 04.09.2014, passed in Title Appeal No. 32 of 2014, by the Principal District Judge, Jamtara, by which, the said appeal has been dismissed by way of affirming the judgment dated 30.04.2014 and the decree signed on 15.05.2014, passed in Title (P) Suit No. 11 of 2005, by the learned Civil Judge (Sr. Division), Jamtara.

3. Title Partition Suit No. 11 of 2005 was instituted for partition and coming out the separate share of the parties.

4. Learnd counsel appearing for the appellants submits that there are substantial questions of law involved in this second appeal, in view of that this second appeal may kindly be admitted. According to him, the learned courts have failed to decide the customary law of inheritance and in view of that this second appeal is having the substantial question of law for admission. On this ground, he submits that this second appeal may kindly be admitted.

5. From the judgment of the learned courts, it transpires that the case of the plaintiffs/ appellants was that the plaintiffs as well as the Principal defendants are by caste Mohili, but since time immemorial they have adopted Hinduism for all purposes inclusive of inheritance and succession besides their cultural formalities. The properties described in the Scheduled -A appended to the plaint originally belongs to Bhola Mohali, Gopi Mohali and Kisto Mohali during the last survey settlement, who hold the same appertain to joint khata No. 32 of mouza Jagannathpur. The properties described in the schedule-B of the plaint stands over the joint Khatian and the parties to the suit are in joint possession. The relationship of the parties to the suit inter-se and along with the joint recorded tenants. Plaintiffs have further submitted that the recorded tenant having their joint interest were recorded in the last survey settlement appertaining to joint Khata No. 32 of mouza Jagannathpur but their respective possession over joint lands were recorded in the remark column of the purcha.

The recorded tenants so long they were alive remained joint in the eye of law, but possessed the lands in suit as per their respective possession as a result of amicably family arrangement and recorded as such. Out of the recorded tenants Kisto Mohali, being the eldest, died first leaving his only son Gobindo-Mohali who continued to possess the suit properties in continuation of jointness along with other recorded tenants Bhola Mohali and Gopi Mohali. Thereafter, recorded tenant Gopi Mohali, a widower, died issue less leaving behind his nephew Bhola as his sole legal heir and successor. The recorded tenant Bhola Mohali had no male issue but a daughter Kuturi Mohalin hence, the said Bhola Mohali got his daughter Kuturi's married with Dukhu Mohali and kept him as Gharjamai as per their cultural rituals. The said Bhola Mohali subsequently died leaving behind Kuturi Mohalin and Ghardamad Dukhu Mohali as his legal heirs and successors. Gobinda Mohali in continuation of jointness with Kuturi Mohalin and Dukhu Mohali died leaving his only son Biram Mohali, the defendant no. 1. Subsequently Kuturi Mohalin and Duikhu Mohalin also died leaving their only son Rai Mohali who succeeded the interest of his grand-father Bhola Mohali in the lands in suit in jointness with defendant Biram Mohali. Subsequently

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