High Court of Judicature at Madras
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE M. KARPAGAVINAYAGAM
Yoosuf Rawther - Appellant
Versus
Ashref and Another - Respondents
Crl. Revn. Case No. 463 of 1996
Decided On : 03 April 1997
MAINTENANCE - ARREARS - MINOR SON - RIGHT TO CLAIM - LEGAL GUARDIAN - MATERNAL GRANDFATHER - MAINTAINABILITY OF PETITION - LIMITATION - MUSLIM WOMEN (PROTECTION OF RIGHTS ON DIVORCE) ACT, 1986 - SECTION 3 - CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, 1973 - SECTIONS 125, 125(3), 198, 199.
Fact of the Case:
A Muslim minor son, left in lurch by both his father and mother, had been fighting with his father for the past 13 years, claiming arrears of maintenance due to him, in pursuance of the order passed in his favour in the maintenance proceedings in M.C. No. 27 of 1984, on the file of Judicial First Class Magistrate, Kuzhithurai, Kanyakumari District, without getting a pie from him, till date.
Finding of the Court:
1. The minor son himself, in his own right, filed the application under Section 125(3), Cr. P.C., in exercising such a right contemplated under Section 125, Cr. P.C. 2. The mere presentation of the petition either under Section 125, Cr. P.C., or under Section 125(3), Cr. P.C., through some other person, who is not a legal guardian would not invalidate the claim of maintenance or arrears of maintenance by the minor son. 3. The minor son, after the age of two years in his own right, through his mother or through any other person, can claim maintenance from his father, under Section 125, Cr. P.C., as the minor is unable to maintain himself, irrespective of the question as to who maintains such minor son. 4. There is no bar for a minor child to start proceedings under Section 125, Cr. P.C., against its father, as in the case of prosecution for offences against marriage and for defamation, as contemplated in Sections 198 and 199, Cr. P.C., which provide for representation for certain categories of persons, like minor etc. by other adult persons. 5. In view of the fact that the application under Section 125(3), Cr. P.C., was filed within the period of limitation, viz. one year from the date on which it became due, the Court is empowered to direct for the payment or recovery of maintenance amount, till the date of final order. 6. Mere filing of petition claiming custody would not absolve the liability of the father to pay maintenance to minor son, since he is entitled for maintenance till the custody is given to father or till the minor son attains majority, as per the provisions of Sec. 125, Cr. P.C.
Issues: 1. Whether the maternal grandfather, not being the legal guardian, could maintain the petition under Section 125(3), Cr. P.C., as the guardian of the minor grandson? 2. Whether the application under Section 125(3), Cr. P.C., was filed beyond the period of limitation? 3. Whether the minor son himself could file an application for recovery of the arrears from his father, against whom the order of maintenance had been passed?
Ratio Decidendi: 1. Under the relevant provisions of Mohammedan Law, in the case of a son below 7 years of age, mother is the legal guardian. During this period, if the divorced Muslim mother remarries, the father is entitled to the custody of the minor child. In default of the mother, they custody of the boy under the age of 7 years should belong to the mother's female relations. In default of the mother's female relations, then the custody belong to the father of the boy, even when the boy is of below 7 years. After the age of 7 years of the boy, the father alone could come as a legal guardian and entitle to custody. The maternal grandfather cannot be construed as a legal guardian. 2. The application under Section 125(3), Cr. P.C., was filed within the period of limitation, viz. one year from the date on which it became due. 3. The minor son himself could file an application for recovery of the arrears from his father, against whom the order of maintenance had been passed.
Final Decision: The revision petition is dismissed. The petitioner is directed to pay the entire arrears of maintenance to the 1st respondent.
This case relates to a sorry state of affairs, wherein a Muslim minor son, who was left in lurch by both his father and mother, has been fighting with his father for the past 13 years, claiming arrears of maintenance due to him, in pursuance of the order passed in his favour in the maintenance proceedings in M.C. No. 27 of 1984, on the file of Judicial First Class Magistrate, Kuzhithurai, Kanyakumari District, without getting a pie from him, till date.
2. The father is the petitioner herein. The minor son is the respondent. On 12-11-1984, one Nabeesa, the divorced wife of the petitioner herein, the mother of the minor son, respondent herein, filed a petition under S. 125, Cr. P.C., in M.C. No. 27 of 1984, on the file of the Judicial First Class Magistrate, Kuzhithurai, Kanyakumari District, claiming maintenance for herself and for her minor son who was aged 4 years then. After evidence was taken, by order dated 24-2-1986, the learned Magistrate directed the petitioner to pay a sum of Rs. 500/- per month each towards maintenance for his divorced wife and minor son (respondent herein).
3. The petitioner herein challenging this order, filed a revision in Crl. R.C. No. 243 of 1986, before this Court, and obtained a stay of the operation of the order of the lower Court in Crl. M.P. No. 3457 of 1986 on 15-4-1986. Thereafter, both divorced wife and minor son filed a petition in Crl. M.P. No. 12693 of 1986, to vacate the stay granted in Crl. M.P. No. 3457 of 1986, in the main revision. On hearing both the parties, this Court on 22-12-1986, passed the following order :-
"1. That on condition of the petitioner in Crl. M.P. No. 3457 of 1986 paying future maintenance commencing from 15-1-1987 at half rate, namely Rs. 500/- (rupees five hundred only) and also paying 1/3rd of the arrears within four weeks from this date, the interim stay granted in and by the order of this Court dt. 15-4-1986 and made in Crl. M.P. No. 3457 of 1986, shall be made absolute, and that all further proceedings in pursuance of the order passed by the Judicial First Class Magistrate, Kuzhithurai in M.C. No. 27 of 1984 dated 24-2-1986 shall continue to be stayed pending Crl. R.C. No. 243 of 1986, on the file of this Court;
2. That the wife-1st respondent in Crl. M.P. No. 3457 of 1986 shall be at liberty to withdraw the amount after such deposit as directed in clause (1) supra; and
3. That if the deposit is not made within the date specified in clause (1) supra, the stay granted shall stand vacated."
Though the petitioner herein was heard before passing of the above order, the said conditional order was not complied with by the petitioner
4. During the pendency of the above revision, on 24-6-1987, the divorced wife Nabeesa got remarried with some other person. The unfortunate minor son was neither taken care of by the divorced wife of the petitioner, nor by the petitioner, who also got remarried. The pitiable minor son was driven to take shelter under his maternal grand-father
5. When the revision in Crl. R.C. No. 243 of 1986, came up for final disposal on 14-12-1990, before this Court, it was represented by the petitioner, that during the pendency of that revision, the divorced wife, 1st respondent therein got married again, and therefore, she could not claim maintenance, and that since the minor son was being taken care of by the second husband, he would also not entitle to claim maintenance
6. However, this Court dismissed the said revision, with an observation, that it would be open to the petitioner to take steps under S. 127 Cr. P.C., for the cancellation of the maintenance awarded, on these grounds before lower Court, and the learned Magistrate, in the event of such a petition being filed, would dispose of it, on its inherent merits. However, the petitioner did not choose to file any such application under S. 127, Cr. P.C., before the lower Court, to cancel the order of maintenance earlier passed to the minor son, nor did make any payment towards maintenanc
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