Madras High Court
RAMANUJAM
Thangammal - Appellant
Versus
K.Dhanalakshmi - Respondent
Decided On : 11/20/1978
LIMITATION ACT - ARTICLE 127 - ORDER 21, RULE 89 AND 92, C.P.C. - INTERPRETATION - CONFLICT BETWEEN LIMITATION ACT AND CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE - DEPOSIT UNDER ORDER 21, RULE 89 - PERIOD OF LIMITATION - WHETHER ARTICLE 127 OF THE LIMITATION ACT OR ORDER 21, RULE 92 (2) OF THE CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE APPLIES.
Fact of the Case:
The appellants, judgment debtors in a suit, filed an application under Order 21, Rule 89 of the Civil Procedure Code (CPC) to set aside a court auction sale of their property. The application was filed within 60 days from the date of sale, as prescribed by Article 127 of the Limitation Act, but beyond 30 days, as stipulated in Order 21, Rule 92 (2) of the CPC. The lower court dismissed the application, holding that the deposit required under Rule 89 had to be made within 30 days, as per Rule 92 (2), and that the longer period provided under Article 127 of the Limitation Act did not apply.
Finding of the Court:
The High Court allowed the appeal, holding that the application for setting aside the sale was within time as both the deposit and the application were made within 60 days as prescribed in Article 127 of the Limitation Act. The court interpreted Order 21, Rule 92 (2) as an enabling provision and not as a provision fixing a period of limitation for making the deposit. It further held that even if Rule 92 (2) were construed as a limitation provision, it would be subject to Article 127 of the Limitation Act, which is a special enactment, and would prevail over the general provision in the CPC.
Issues: 1. Whether Order 21, Rule 92 (2) of the CPC provides a period of limitation for making the deposit under Order 21, Rule 89, or is merely an enabling provision? 2. Whether Article 127 of the Limitation Act, which prescribes a 60-day period for filing an application to set aside a sale, prevails over Order 21, Rule 92 (2) of the CPC, which requires the deposit to be made within 30 days?
Ratio Decidendi: 1. Order 21, Rule 92 (2) of the CPC does not provide a period of limitation for making the deposit under Rule 89. It is an enabling provision that allows the court to set aside a sale if the deposit is made within 30 days from the date of sale. 2. Article 127 of the Limitation Act is a special enactment that prevails over the general provision in Order 21, Rule 92 (2) of the CPC. Therefore, the 60-day period prescribed in Article 127 applies to both the deposit and the application for setting aside the sale under Order 21, Rule 89.
Final Decision: The High Court allowed the appeal and set aside the lower court's order dismissing the application to set aside the sale.
ORDER:- This appeal involves an interesting question of law arising out of two inconsistent provisions, one occurring in the Limitation Act and the other occurring in the Civil Procedure Code.
1A. The appellants herein were the judgment debtors in O.S. No. 244 of 1961, on the file of the Sub - Court, Coimbatore. The decree in the said suit was put in execution in E.P.No. 281 of 1977 and the appellants' properties had been sold in court auction on 21-1-1977, for a sum of Rs. 45060. The appellants came forward with a petition in E.A. No.202 of 1978 on 24-1-1978 to set aside the sale on depositing the entire decree amount, commission and poundage under O.21, Rule 89, C.P. Code.
2. The said application for setting aside the sale was opposed by the auction purchaser on the ground that the deposit had been made beyond 30 days from the date of the sale and, therefore, it was not maintainable. The decree holder, however, did not file any counter opposing the application. The court below upheld the objection put forward by the auction purchaser that as the deposit had not been made within 30 days from the date of the sale as per order 21, Rule 92 (2) of the application for setting aside the sale under Or.21, Rule 89 cannot be maintained. The said decision of the lower court has been challenged in this appeal on the ground that the time for filing an application under Or. 21, Rule 89 having been fixed under Article 127 of the Limitation Act of 1963, as 60 days and the application for setting aside the sale and the deposit of the amount being within the said 60 days, the court below is in error in dismissing the application as barred by time.
3. In this case, the sale took place on 21-12-1977 and the deposit of the entire decree amount, commission and poundage had been made on 23-1-1978 and the application for setting aside the sale has been filed on 24-1-1978. Before the court below the contention on behalf of the auction purchaser was that notwithstanding the longer period of limitation fixed under Art.127 of the Limitation Act for filing an application to set aside the sale by a judgment debtor, the deposit has to be made within 30 days as provided under O.21, Rule 92 (2) and that as the deposit had not admittedly been made within 30 days from the date of the sale, the application is not maintainable. The Court below took the view that through the filing of an application to set aside the sale on deposit falls under the purview of O.21, Rule 89, Order 21, Rule 92 is the operative provision, that as per Rule 92 (2) which is a mandatory provision the deposit has to be made within thirty days from the date of the sale, that the provision in Art.127 of the Limitation Act is a general provision for filing an application for setting aside the sale under Or.21, Rules 89, 90 and 91 and that such a general provision cannot nullify the mandatory provision in Rule 92 (2).
4. In support of its view that O.21, Rule 92 (2) is a mandatory provision and therefore the deposit has to be made within 30 days from the date of sale, the lower court has referred to the following two decisions of this court, namely, Vannisami Thevar v. Periasami Thevar, 3 Mad LW 271: (AIR 1917 Mad 176) and Subbammal v. P.G. Thevar, AIR 1974 Mad 278. In the first decision a Division Bench of this court has observed that the provisions of O.21, Rule 89, C.P.C. is in the nature of an indulgence to judement debtors and courts are bound to see that the provisions of law are very strictly conformed to, that the deposit within 30 days is much more important than the application to set aside the sale, that if the deposit is made within 30 days even on oral application to set aside the sale is sufficient, that the expression 'on his depositing' in O.21, Rule 89 (1), C.P.C. qualifies the word 'apply' occurring in that rule and that the requirements of Order 21, Rule 92 (2) of the deposit being made within 30 days are mandatory and not directory and that the court had no power to
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