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2008 Supreme(Mad) 664

High Court of Judicature at Madras
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE V. RAMASUBRAMANIAN
Lalgudi G. Jayaraman & Others
Versus
Cleveland Cultural Alliance rep by its President Mrs. Uma Ganesan & Another
O.A. No.1370 of 2007 and A. No.8120 of 2007 and A. No.35 of 2008 in C.S. No. 1125 of 2007
Decided on : 26-02-2008

Advocates Appeared:
For the Applicants:Arvind P. Datar, Senior Counsel, K. Harishankar, Advocates.
For the Respondents:P.S. Raman, Senior Counsel, P.R. Raman, Advocates.

Headnote:

Copyright - Joint ownership - Copyrights Act, 1957, Section 17 - The court held that the plaintiffs, who are the authors of the operatic ballet, have a prima facie case to show that they are the owners of the copyrights therein, in terms of Section 17 of the Copyright Act, 1957. The defendants failed to establish the existence of any contract, much less a contract of service with the plaintiffs. The defendants also failed to establish that the work was produced in the course of the employment of the plaintiffs with them. The payment of honorarium and the payment towards reimbursement of expenses, established by the documents filed on the side of the defendants, are not adequate to establish either a contract of service or a course of employment. Therefore, the prima facie case established by the plaintiffs cannot be dislodged.

Fact of the Case:

The plaintiffs sought a declaration that they are the joint owners of the entire copyright in a dance ballet titled 'JAYA JAYA DEVI' and a permanent injunction restraining the defendants from staging the ballet in a manner infringing their copyrights. The defendants claimed that the first defendant was the producer of the ballet and that the copyrights vested in the first defendant due to a contract of service with the plaintiffs.

Finding of the Court:

The court found that the plaintiffs had a prima facie case to show that they are the owners of the copyrights in the ballet. The defendants failed to establish the existence of any contract, much less a contract of service with the plaintiffs. The defendants also failed to establish that the work was produced in the course of the employment of the plaintiffs with them. Therefore, the prima facie case established by the plaintiffs cannot be dislodged.

Issues: The main issue was whether the plaintiffs were the joint owners of the entire copyright in the dance ballet and whether the defendants had the right to stage the ballet.

Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the plaintiffs had a prima facie case to show that they are the owners of the copyrights in the ballet. The defendants failed to establish the existence of any contract, much less a contract of service with the plaintiffs. The defendants also failed to establish that the work was produced in the course of the employment of the plaintiffs with them. Therefore, the prima facie case established by the plaintiffs cannot be dislodged.

Final Decision: The court granted an interim injunction restraining the defendants from staging the ballet in a manner infringing the plaintiffs' copyrights and allowed the plaintiffs' application for leave to omit to sue for damages on the same cause of action.

Judgment :-

Pending suit for a declaration that they are the joint owners of the entire copyright in the work titled "JAYA JAYA DEVI", a dance ballet and for a permanent injunction restraining the defendants from in any manner staging the said dance ballet in a manner infringing their copyrights, the plaintiffs have come up with the application O.A.No.1370 of 2007, seeking an interim order of injunction restraining the respondents from in any manner staging the dance ballet and infringing their copyrights. Along with the suit, the plaintiffs have also filed an application in A.NO.8120 of 2007 under Order II Rule 2 CPC, seeking leave to omit to sue for damages on the same cause of action.

2. On 20.12.2007, an exparte interim order of injunction was granted in O.A.No.1370 of 2007 by this Court. In A.No.8120 of 2007, this Court ordered notice. After service of notice, the respondents have entered appearance and have come up with the application A.No.35 of 2008 for vacating the interim order of injunction.

3. I have heard Mr.Arvind P.Datar learned Senior Counsel for the plaintiffs and Mr.P.S.Raman, learned Senior Counsel for the defendants.

4. The case of the plaintiffsis that the first plaintiff as a renowned Carnatic musician, the second plaintiff as a popular writer and the third plaintiff as a renowned Bharathanatyam dancer and choreographer, joined together and produced a dance ballet titled JAYA JAYA DEVI" in the year 1994 and performed the ballet in several centres in the United States of America. According to the plaintiffs, they own the entire copyrights over the said ballet and that they also staged the ballet in several places in India. According to the plaintiffs, the first defendant sought assignment of the copyright, but no agreement could be reached.

5. It is the further case of the plaintiffs that the first defendant, through its then Vice President, staked a claim over the copyrights of the dance ballet, as early as in 1994 through a letter dated 212. 1994, but the claim was retracted by the then President of the first defendant, by a letter dated 04.01.1995. Again on 012. 1998, a claim was made on the basis of an agreement, but no such agreement was produced, when demanded by the plaintiffs through counsel.

6. In the website of the first defendant, which was brought to the notice of the plaintiffs, in the first week of December 2007, the first defendants plans to stage a revival of the dance ballet were publicized. Therefore, the plaintiffs have come up with the present suit.

7. In the affidavit filed in support of the vacate injunction application, the defendants claim that the first defendant is a non profit organisation, founded in the State of Ohio, USA, in the year 1991. One Mr. R. Balasubramanian was its President at that time. His wife Mrs. Gomathi was its Treasurer and Mrs. Uma Ganesan, (the present President and the deponent to the affidavit in support of the vacate injunction application) was its Vice President at that time. An affiliated organization with the same name as the first defendant, was started in Chennai in 1999 with Mrs. Uma Ganesan as its Managing Trustee.

.8. It is the case of the defendants that the entire idea for the dance ballet was conceived by Mrs. Uma Ganesan and that she approached the first plaintiff for composing music for the ballet. According to the defendants, an arrangement was reached between the first plaintiff and Mrs. Uma Ganesan, in pursuance of which, the ballet was produced and premiered in Cleveland in U.S.A., on 3rd April 1994.

9. It is the further case of the defendants that the first plaintiff was engaged under a contract of service by the first defendant for the production and that therefore by virtue of Section 17(c) of the Copyrights Act, 1957, the copyrights vested in the first defendant. According to the defendants, payments were made for the services rendered by the first and third plaintiffs and that the first defendant had no relationship with the s





















































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