In this batch of writs under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, the constitutional validity of three Acts of the State Legislature are Under challenge. These three Acts, the Madras Inam Estates (Abolition and Conversion into Ryotwari) Act (XXVI of 1963), the Madras Minor Inams (Abolition and Conversion into Ryotwari) Act (XXX of 1963) and the Madras Leaseholds (Abolition and Conversion into Ryotwari) Act (XXVII of 1963), hereinafter referred to for convenience as Inam Estates Act, Minor Inams Act and Leaseholds Act respectively, are steps in the final phase of the series of legislation in carrying forward the country’s policy of agrarian reforms, the first effective step having been taken so early as in 1948 when the Madras Estates (Abolition and Conversion into Ryotwari) Act (XXVI of 1948) was passed. Under Act XXVI of 1948, the intermediaries in the Zamindari and Under-tenure estates and whole inam villages in which the grant consisted of Melwaram alone were abolished and the ryotwari settlement introduced. The objective of the three present enactments is the introduction of ryotwari settlement in respect of lands held under certain inam and leasehold tenures