The same question of law is involved in these three Letters Patent Appeals against the judgments of Subba Rao, J., in three applications for the issue of writs of certiorari and mandamus against proceedings under the Motor Vehicles Act. The question arises on the following facts which are substantially common to all the three petitions though they related to different districts in the State. There were applications to the concerned Regional Transport Authorities for the issue of bus permits. One of the applicants was the District Co-operative Society for ex-servicemen. It is common ground that the Collector of the concerned district is the President of the respective Co-operative Society. It is also-common ground that the Collector of the district is a member of the Regional, Transport Authority which has to adjudicate on the comparative claims of the applicants and which is under a duty to decide as to who should be granted the permit. In all the three cases, a permit was granted to the respective Co-operative Society in the district. In all the three cases, the Collector happened to be the President of the respective Regional Transport Authority and took part in