Under Mahomedan Law, no writing is required to make a will valid, and a document containing the testamentary wishes of the deceased can operate as a valid will.

Leach, C.J.

1. Hajee Sir Ismail Sait, a member of the Cutchi Memon community and a resident of Bangalore, died on 24th April 1934 in the Tuberculosis Sanitorium at Arogyavaram, Chittoor District. He was survived by a widow, five sons (the appellant and respondents 1 to 4) and a daughter (respondent 5). He had sixteen grandchildren, who are respondents 6 to 21. He left a will dated 19th March 1934, and the present appeal arises out of an application which was made by the executor for the grant of probate. By his will the testator provided for the education of his grandsons. For some of them he made special provisions with regard to their education and maintenance. "While he was in the Sanitorium he decided to fix the allowance which his sons and daughter were to receive under his will and he directed his solicitors, Messrs. Moresby and Thomas, Madras to draw up a codicil to give effect to his intentions in this respect. The instructions to draft the codicil were embodied in a letter dated 5th April 1934 and; signed on the testators behalf by respondent 1. Messrs. Moresby and Thomas prepared a draft and sent it to him on 6th April. Two of the testators grandchildren had been at school at Aligarh. One died while at school and the other was consequently withdrawn from the school. On 13th April 1934 the testator directed respondent 1 and his agent D.L. Narasappa to write to Messrs. Moresby and Thomas in these terms:

I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the sixth instant with the draft codicil. I am grieved to inform you that since the receipt of this codicil my grandson, Abdul Sammad, suddenly died at Aligarh University. I have withdrawn my other grandson from school and have decided to cancel the allowances provided for school fees. I have therefore wired you as under : Your letter, sixth; since my grandson Abdul Sammad died have therefore decided omit also school fees - Dont delay - Ismail, which I beg to confirm.

2. Respondent 1 who applied for probate of the will also asked that the telegram referred to in this letter and the letter should be read as parts of the will and admitted to probate. The learned Judge who heard the application, (Wadsworth J.) granted probate of the will, but refused to admit to probate the telegram and the letter. The appeal concerns the question whether this decision is right. The refusal of the learned Judge to admit these documents to probate was based on the opinion which he formed that they were only intended to provide material for the preparation of a draft codicil which the testator was to settle later.

3. Although according to the oral evidence the testator was in clear mind until two days before he died, he was undoubtedly seriously ill when he instructed respondent 1 and his agent to write to Messrs-Moresby and Thomas on 13th April 1934, and from the documentary evidence it is quite evident that soon afterwards he became too ill to attend to his affairs. On 14th April, Messrs. Moresby and Thomas wrote to him acknowledging receipt of his telegram instructing them to omit from the will the provisions made for school fees but asked for further instructions in order to clear up a doubt which they felt with regard to the extent of the instructions. By Clause 14(a) of the will the testator provided for the maintenance and education of the five sons of respondent 2, including provision for the pursuit of studies in England or America. In Clause (b) he made a similar provision for the education of any sons who might subsequently be born to the second respondent, and in Clause (f) he made provision for the education and maintenance of Sulaiman, the son of the appellant. Sulaiman was then reading for the bar in England. In their letter asking for further instructions Messrs. Moresby and Thomas referred to the fact that Sulaiman was in England and observed that probably the testator did not wish to make any alteration in the clause relating to him but they would be glad to know by ret