The main legal point established in the judgment is that the fact of partition could be proved by other evidence, and unregistered documents could be examined to ascertain the nature of possession. Additionally, it was established that a co-owner cannot maintain a suit for trespass against another co-owner.

Leach, C.J.

1. This appeal arises out of a suit instituted by the respondent in the Court of the District Munsif of Bhimavaram to recover from the brothers of her deceased husband properties which she alleged had fallen to his share on partition. The proper. ties in suit admittedly had formed part of the estate of the joint family which consisted of the deceased, his brothers Ramayya and Appanna (appellants 1 and 2) and Appa Rao (appellant 3), who is the son of appellant 2. The plaintiffs case was that the partition was effected on 1st March 1934. Her husband obtained possession of the properties which were allotted to him and remained in possession until his death on 11th August 1938. After his death his brothers trespassed on the land and dispossessed her. The defendants denied that there had been a partition, but it transpired in the course of the case that partition had taken place and in this connexion a document had been drawn up and signed by the parties. The document was not produced. On the evidence led before him, the District Munsif held that it merely comprised lists of the properties which had been allotted to the respective coparceners. He also accepted the plaintiffs case in other respects and consequently decreed the suit. On appeal the Subordinate Judge held that the document did constitute a deed of partition which required registration, but that the plaintiff was in law entitled to prove a partition by other evidence, which she had done. Consequently he concurred in the decree passed by the District Munsif. The defendants have appealed. The appeal raises the question whether the Subordinate Judge was right in holding that the partition could be proved by evidence apart from the deed and the case has been placed before a Full Bench as the decisions of this Court relating to this question reveal a conflict.

2. In Ramu Chetti v. Panchamal AIR1926Mad402 Kumaraswami Sastri J., sitting with Venkatasubba Rao J., held that, where a partition had taken place under a deed and the deed could not be proved for want of registration, the fact of partition could be proved by other evidence, namely, the conduct of the parties in their dealings with each other and with regard to the specific items of property. He quoted the decision of the Privy Council in Rajangam Iyer v. Rajangam Iyer A.I.R. 1922 P.C. 266 : 46 Mad. 373 as an authority for the proposition that an unregistered partition deed can be put in evidence for the purpose of proving a division of status. The judgment of their Lordships did not say this, but in Subbarao v. Mahalakshmamma A.I.R. 1930 Mad. 883 a Bench of this Court held that regard can be had to the terms of an unregistered deed of partition when it is merely a question of deciding whether there has been a division of status, and the correctness of that decision has not been questioned.

3. In Varada Pillai v. Jeevarathnammal A.I.R. 1919 P.C. 44 the Judicial Committee held that unregistered documents could be examined with a view to ascertaining the nature of the possession. The question there was whether there had been a valid gift of immovable properties and whether the donee had acquired a title by adverse possession. The documents were certain petitions which had been presented to the Collector, who was asked to register the properties in the name of the donee. Their Lordships said that as a gift of immovable property is required to be made by a registered deed the petitions could not be used as evidence of title, but it was permissible for the Court to look at them in order to ascertain the nature and character of the possession held by the person named in the petitions. In delivering the judgment of the Board Viscount Cave observed:

In other words, although the petitions and order do not amount to a gift of the land, they lead to the inference that the subsequent receipt of the rents by Duraisani was a receipt in the character of donee and owner of the land, and therefore in her own right and n