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1936 Supreme(Mad) 197

IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADRAS
K.S. Menon, J.
Ponnammal and Ors.
Versus
Gomathi Ammal deceased and Ors.
Decided On : 06.05.1936

Minors need not get improper or unauthorized alienations set aside, and Article 44 of the Indian Limitation Act does not apply in such cases.

Headnote:

Sale Deeds - Partition Suit - Indian Limitation Act, Article 44, Thayammal v. Kuppanna Koundan AIR1915Mad659(2), Kathaperumal Thevan v. Ramalinga Thevan (1914) 17 M.L.T. 138, Purushothama Ratho v. Brundavana Dass (1931) 33 L.W. 664, Koya Ankamma v. Kameswarmma (1934) 70 M.L.J. 352 - The court discussed the applicability of Article 44 of the Indian Limitation Act to alienations by de facto guardians and cited relevant case laws to establish that minors need not get improper or unauthorized alienations set aside and that Article 44 would not apply in such cases.

Fact of the Case:

The suit arose from a dispute over the partition and possession of properties bequeathed to the plaintiff and her sisters by their father. The defendants contended that the plaintiff was bound to set aside sale deeds executed by the first defendant as her guardian before claiming any relief.

Finding of the Court:

The appellate court held that the first defendant was not the de facto guardian of the plaintiff and that the alienations were not for any legal necessity, thus the plaintiff was not bound to set aside the sale deeds.

Issues: The main issue was whether the plaintiff was bound to set aside the sale deeds before claiming relief in the partition suit.

Ratio Decidendi: The court established that minors need not get improper or unauthorized alienations set aside and that Article 44 of the Indian Limitation Act would not apply in such cases.

Final Decision: The Second Appeal was dismissed with costs, including costs in C.M.P. 4711 of 1934.

JUDGMENT

K.S. Menon, J.

1. This second appeal arises out of a suit for partition and possession of one-third share of the plaintiff. It is alleged that the properties were bequeathed to the plaintiff and her sisters, defendants 1 and 2, by their father Sankarapandiyan Pillai, and that the sale deeds, Ex. I and XII, executed by the first defendant and for herself and as guardian of the plaintiff and second defendant were not valid and binding on the plaintiff. The contesting defendants pleaded that the plaintiff was bound to get the sale deeds set aside before relief in respect of the properties comprised therein could be given to her and that, as she came of age more than three years before the suit was filed, her right to get these documents set aside was barred by limitation. The trial Court upheld the contention of the defendants and gave a decree only in respect of the remaining properties. The appellate Court reversed that decree, holding that the person who executed the sale deed on behalf of the plaintiff was not her guardian, that she was therefore not bound to get the documents set aside and that the suit was not barred by limitation. Defendants, 1, 3 and 5 and the L. Rs., of the sixth defendant have filed this second appeal.

2. The only question argued before me was whether the plaintiff was bound to get the sale deeds, Ex. I and XII, set aside before she could claim any relief in respect of the properties comprised therein. The plaint properties, as already observed, were bequeathed to the plaintiff and her sisters, defendants 1 and 2, by their father Sankarapandian Pillai. The third defendant is the husband of the first defendant and the fourth defendant is the husband of the second defendant. The two documents impeached viz., Exs. I and XII, purport to have been executed by the first defendant for herself and acting as the guardian of her sisters, plaintiff and second defendant. The contention of the appellants is that, as these two documents were executed by the first defendant acting as the guardian of the plaintiff, the plaintiff is bound to get these documents set aside and a suit to set aside these documents is governed by Article 44 of the Indian Limitation Act. The answer of the plaintiff (respondent) is that the first defendant was neither her legal nor her natural guardian and that, in fact, it was the third defendant and not the first defendant, who was managing the properties left by her father, that therefore this is not a case of an alienation by a guardian and that she is not liable to get the documents set aside. The finding of the Lower Appellate Court is that the person who was really managing the properties and the affairs of the three sisters was the third defendant and that the first defendant was not the de facto guardian of the plaintiff. It is true, that, after the death of the plaintiffs father, a number of documents relating to the properties have been taken in the name of the first defendant, purporting to act as the guardian of the plaintiff, but the lower Appellate Court has held that all these transactions were brought about by the third defendant and that he was really the manager of the properties and the person acting as the guardian of the plaintiff. If that is so . . . and I see no reason why a different conclusion should be come to . . . the first defendant was not at all the guardian of the plaintiff. Admittedly she was not the dejure guardian of the plaintiff; she was also not the natural guardian, as the mother of the plaintiff is still alive. In these circumstances, she cannot at all be regarded in any sense of the term as the guardian of the plaintiff. If that is so, Exs. I and XII are void, so far as the plaintiff is concerned; and she need not get them set aside.

3. Assuming that the first defendant was the de facto guardian of the plaintiff, it has to be seen whether the alienations were for any legal necessity. The Lower Appellate Court has found that both the transactions w






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