Courts have the power to impose fines and penalties for contempt of court, especially in cases where the integrity of court proceedings is compromised.

Alfred Henry Lionel Leach, C.J.

1. This is an application to commit the three respondents for contempt of Court. The petitioner is the Mokhasadar of Kondaporava, Kistna District. The first respondent is the President of the West Kistna Congress Committee, the second respondent is the Secretary of that Committee, and the third respondent is said to be the printer of the pamphlet which is the subject-matter of this petition. Last year there was trouble between the petitioner and the ryots on his estaie and he filed a complaint in the Court of the Sub-Magistrate, Tiruvarur, alleging an offence under the Cattle Trespass Act against 26 of the ryots. It was said that they had rescued cattle which were being taken to the pound after a trespass. He also complained that the ryots had unlawfully interfered with the produce of his forests and were guilty of "turbulent acts endangering human life and property". In this connection he instituted proceedings under Section 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure against 11 ryots in the same Court. He also filed a number of applications under Section 74 of the Madras Estates Land Act. While these proceedings were pending a pamphlet was distributed containing the following statements:

The Zamindars and Mokhasadars are oppressing in many ways the ryots in their village, since the success of the Congress in the elections. The sole cause for oppressing the ryots is that they voted for the Congress and helped to establish the Congress Government.

The Mokhasadar is oppressing the ryots in many ways by not granting pattas to the ryots in relation to their lands even in their possession by not giving r eceipts for cists paid, by including in his house-farm lands the lands in possession of the ryots whenever he is displeased.

As the ryots have not submitted to the Mokhasadar who by not granting pattas to the Kondaparava ryots who are suffering like this from a very long time, attempted to deprive them of their rights they are enjoying from of old, the Mokhasadar is now harassing those poor ryots illegally foisting upon the villagers a pound case (under Cattle Trespass Act) against 26 of them, a forest case against 11 of them, summary suits on 43 of them and a case against 3 of them for alleged murdering of a forest watcher and by fabricating many such cases.

These poor ryots who are bent down by unbearable poverty for a very long time are unable even to protect their rights again in these illegal cases set up by the Mokhasadar. Therefore, we request the public to render monetary and such other voluntary help in order that the rights of the ryots may be protected.

2. In the affidavit in reply the first respondent has taken objection to certain parts of the translation of this petition, which was supplied by the petitioner and for the words "illegally foisting upon the villagers" he would have substituted "has unjustly launched". The senior Telugu Interpreter of the Court has been called before the Court and he says that the words used actually mean "unjustly concocted".

3. The first respondent as president of the Committee takes full responsibility for the publication of this pamphlet, and, recognising that the statements do amount, to contempt of Court, has tendered an apology. The second respondent has stated that he had nothing to do with the drawing up of the pamphlet and that he was unaware of its issue. The third respondent says that he is not responsible as the printer, as he had let his press to another sometime before the pamphlet was printed. The learned Advocate for the petitioner has accepted the pleas of the second and third respondent and the case has proceeded against the first respondent alone.

4. The contempt here is of a very grave nature. While these proceedings were pending the West Kistna Congress Committee issued this pamphlet accusing the petitioner of having deliberately launched false cases against his ryots and in other ways oppressing them and the first respondent acknowledges r