IN THE HIGH COURT OF MADRAS
Abdur Rahman, J.
Gnanaprakasam Pillai and Anr.
Versus
Parasakthy Ammal and Ors.
Decided On : 26.03.1940
Will - Capacity of Testator - Limitation Act, Article 120 - Thangavelu was not a major on the date of executing the will - The will was held to be ineffective due to the testator's minority at the time of execution
Fact of the Case:
The suit was filed to declare a will as invalid on the grounds that the testator was a minor and did not possess a sound disposing mind at the time of execution. The lower court dismissed the suit, stating that it was barred by limitation and that the testator had attained majority and possessed a sound disposing mind at the time of execution.
Finding of the Court:
The court found that the testator was not a major at the time of executing the will, making the will ineffective. The court also abstained from considering the question of limitation and the genuineness of the will, as the will was already held to be ineffective due to the testator's minority.
Issues: The issues revolved around the genuineness of the will, the testator's capacity to execute the will, and the question of limitation.
Ratio Decidendi: The burden of establishing the testator's majority lay on the defendants. The court found that the testator was not a major at the time of executing the will, rendering the will ineffective.
Final Decision: The appeal succeeded, and the plaintiffs were granted their costs from the defendants.
Abdur Rahman, J.
1. This appeal arises out of a suit instituted by two plaintiffs, one of whom is a minor, for a declaration that the will, Ex. X alleged to have been executed by one Thangavelu on 10th August 1928 was not executed by him and could not be, at all events, said to have been a valid will as the testator had not attained majority on the date on which the will was said to have been executed and that inasmuch as he (i.e. the testator) was suffering from cholera and died within a few hours of the alleged execution of the will he could not be said to have possessed a sound disposing mind. The will was presented for registration a week after Thangavelus death by one Kuppusami who was the husband of the testators sister Rajambal and was ordered to be registered on 4th October 1928 in spite of objections raised by defendant 14 - the elder brother of the present plaintiffs and by one Kandasami. The present suit was instituted on 8th August 1934. The present plaintiffs alleged that they were the nearest heirs to the estate of the late Thangavelu along with their elder brother defendant 14 and were held to be so by the trial Court. Since no objection was raised before us in regard to that finding, it may be taken to be correct. Several defences were raised to the suit, but the three questions in regard to which we have been invited to express our opinion relate to the genuinenesss of the will and to the testators capacity to execute the same, raised on behalf of the plaintiffs and to limitation raised on behalf of the defendants. The capacity to make the will was attacked both on the ground that the testator was a minor and that he had no sound disposing mind at the time when the will was alleged to have been executed by him. The lower Court came to the conclusion that the suit was barred by limitation and Thangavelu had attained majority before 1928 and possessed a sound disposing mind at the time when the will was executed by him. The suit was therefore dismissed and the plaintiffs have preferred this appeal.
2. Since Article 92, Limitation Act, would only apply if we were invited to give a declaration in regard to the invalidity of the will on the ground of its being a forged one and inasmuch as the will was also being contested as above stated by the plaintiffs on the ground that Thangavelu had no capacity to make the will to which Article 120 and not Article 92, Limitation Act, would apply, we decided in spite of the fact that one of the plaintiffs was a minor, to hear arguments first on the question of his (i.e., Thangavelus) majority as we felt that if he was found to be a minor on the date of the alleged will, it may be unnecessary for us to decide the remaining questions of forgery, of Thangavelus sound disposing mind and even of limitation. Although we heard arguments on the other points in the end as well, yet we are of opinion that this case can be finally decided as we anticipated on the question of Thangavelus majority on the date of the alleged execution of the will. We thus propose to go into that question now.
3. There is not the slightest doubt that in a probate proceeding, if the will was being propounded by the defendants as petitioners, the onus of proving that the testator had the capacity to make a will and was possessed of a sound disposing mind at the time of its execution, would lie on the propounded. The question is whether this rule as to the onus of proof would be affected by the fact that we are not dealing with the will in a probate proceeding or that the validity of the will was being relied upon not by the petitioners, as it would be in the case of a probate proceeding, but by the defendants in the suit. After hearing the learned Counsel for the parties we are of opinion that the onus of proof would not be affected by these facts. It is the defendants who come before the Court with a positive case and although the objection regarding the want of Thangavelus capacity to make the will was
AI
Login now and unlock free premium legal research
Login to SupremeToday AI and access free legal analysis, AI highlights, and smart tools.
Login
now!
India’s Legal research and Law Firm App, Download now!
Copyright © 2023 Vikas Info Solution Pvt Ltd. All Rights Reserved.