Partners must bind the firm in the name of the firm to establish liability on a promissory note, as per the provisions of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932, and the Negotiable Instruments Act.

Patanjali Sastri, J.

1. The short question for determination in this civil revision petition is whether the second defendant, petitioner herein, can be made liable on a promissory note executed by his partner, the first defendant. The Court below has found that the first defendant was the managing partner of a rice. mill business carried on in partnership with the second defendant and others under the name of Sri Kusumaharinadha Rice Mill at Amalapuram in East Godavari District, and that the money was borrowed for the purposes of the business. On these findings it has passed a decree for the sum claimed with interest and costs against both the defendants personally and also against the assets of the firm.

2. The promissory note runs thus:

Promissory note executed and delivered on 10th December, 1939, corresponding to Sunday, the 30th day of Karthika Bahula of the year Pramadi, in favour of Sait Devichand Bhutaji Garu, resident of Amalapuram, by Kalidindi Narayanaraju Garus son Satyanarayanaraju, partner of Sri Kusumaharinadha Rice Mill and resident of the said village. On account of my necessity this day, namely, for the purpose of doing paddy business, in the Mill, the amount borrowed in cash from you is Rs. 600-0-0 (Rupees Six hundred). I shall, on demand, pay you or your order in cash in one lump sum, the said sum with interest thereon at Re. 0-15-0 (fifteen annas) per cent, per mensem from this day till the amount is received, get the payment endorsed on the reverse and take back this note. As you have now paid in cash the consideration hereunder (i.e.) rupees six hundred, I have received the same. This is the promissory note executed and delivered with my consent.

(Sd.) Kalidindi Satyariarayanaraju,

10th December, 1939.

It is not disputed that the first defendant is liable under the note and no question accordingly arises under Section 28 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. Nor is it disputed that the first defendant had power as managing partner to execute promissory notes binding on the firm. And it is recited in the note itself that the money was borrowed for the purposes of the partnership business. In these circumstances, there can be no question but that under Sections 19 and 22 of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932, the debt is binding on the firm, but the suit having been based solely on the note, the question arises as to whether the note has been executed in such a form as to make the petitioner also liable on the note as a partner. Section 27 of the Negotiable Instruments Act enacts that every person capable of binding himself or of being bound as mentioned in Section 26 may also bind himself or be bound by a duly authorised agent acting in his name. This involves the consequence that, so far as the making, drawing, acceptance, indorsement, delivery and negotiation of a promissory note, bill of exchange or cheque are concerned, these acts must, in order to bind the firm, be done by a partner in the name of the firm, and it is not sufficient that they are done in any other manner expressing or implying an intention to bind the firm, which, under Section 22 of the Partnership Act, would otherwise be sufficient to bind the firm, for the latter section must yield to the special provisions of the Negotiable Instruments Act.

3. It is not, however, necessary that the note should be signed by the partner in the name of the firm but the name of the firm as the party liable on the note must be sufficiently disclosed (see Pattabhirami Reddi v. Kamisetty Balliah (1928)55MLJ574 ). Neither the recital in the note that the borrowing was for the purposes of the rice mill business nor the description of the executant in the preamble as a partner of the firm, can, for the reasons indicated above, be regarded as sufficient to disclose that the firm is the party liable on the note (of. Sreenivasayya v. Nagappa AIR1936Mad984 ).

4. It has no doubt been held by a Full Bench of this Court in Sivagurunatha v. Padmavathi AIR1941Mad417 that