The main legal point established in the judgment is that property rights must be respected, and encroachments on another's land can lead to a mandatory injunction for removal.

Devadoss, J.

1. The first point is as regards the cornice of the defendants house. The contention in the lower Court was that the defendant was entitled to have the cornice projecting to the extent to which the foundation extended into the lane, The plaintiff is entitled under Ex. A, to a breadth of 19 feet, 3 inches east to west including the site of the lane. According to the commissioners measurement the breadth including the lane is 19 feet, 4 3/4 inches. This difference is owing to the space left by the defendant when the western wall of his house was put up, that is, he left 1 3/4 inches space when he built the wall. That space the defendant is entitled to use for projecting his cornice. The plumb line from the western edge of the cornice down to the ground, is 5 7/8 inches outside the defendants wall. He is entitled to project his cornice to the extent of 3 inches beyond his wall as he has left 1 inches at ground level and the rest at the basement, and anything beyond is an encroachment. The defendant has, therefore, encroached on the plaintiffs land to the extent of 2 7/8 inches.

2. In the lower Court the defendant rested his case on the ground that the foundation extended into the lane and therefore he was entitled to have the cornice projecting to the extent of the western limit of the foundation. The commissioners plan, dated 27th April 1923, makes the thing clear. The mere fact that the defendant was able to extend his foundation into the plaintiffs land would not give him a right to project his cornice over the plaintiffs land. This is a case of trespess and the plaintiff is entitled to protect his rights by asking the Court to issue a mandatory injunction. Mr. Ramaswami Aiyars argument is that the plaintiffs have suffered no material damage and he could be compensated by damages and a mandatory injunction need not be issued. No doubt, in the case of nuisance the plaintiff will have to make out substantial damage for getting relief. But where there is an invasion of the plaintiffs rights he is entitled to protect his property from invasion by his neighbours. I do not think therefore that this is a case in which damages would be an adequate remedy. I agree with the Subordinate Judge in holding that a mandatory injunction is the proper remedy. The plaintiffs will have a mandatory injunction against the defendant for the removal of the cornice to the extent of 2 7/8 inches. I modify the decree of the Subordinate Judge to this extent.

3. The second point is as regards the right of the defendant to discharge the storm water falling on the roof of his kitchen on to the lane. The Subordinate Judge has held that the defendant is not entitled to build his kitchen to the south of the lane and claim the right to discharge the roof water of the kitchen on the plaintiffs land. The plaintiff acquired plot A of the plaintiffs plan from one Hanumantha Rao under Ex. A. Hanu mant Rao was at that time the owner of plot C which is to the east of A. He purchased on the same day under Ex. B the plot D from the plaintiff. In Ex. A there is a provision for Hanumantha Rao discharging the water from the eaves of his kitchen into the lane. There is nothing in Ex. B as regards the right to discharge any water from any superstructure that might be built on plot D. Mr. Ramaswami Aiyars contention is that both the documents should be read together and the provisions in the one document must be taken to qualify the terms of the other. No doubt in ordinary cases where persons either enter into one transaction evidenced by two documents both the documents should be read together in order to understand the terms of the arrangement entered into by the parties. But in this case two different plots were the subject of sales under Exs. A and B. When plot A was sold the vendor Hanumantha Rao reserved a right to discharge the water of the eaves of his kitchen on to the lane. The lane mentioned in Ex. A could only mean the land that was to be left to