Spencer, J.

1. The question for our decision in these appeals is whether the lower Courts were right in holding that the defendants who appeal are jointly and severally liable for the Jodi on their Agraharam or whether they are only liable for the payment of shares of the total amount of Jodi proportionate to the extent of the holding of each defendant. I agree with my learned brother, whose judgment I have had the advantage of reading, that the answer depends mainly on an issue of fact as to the terms prevailing between the Zemindar and the Agraharamdars, but there are besides certain judicial decisions in which it has been recognised that Agraharams are ordinarily tenure held on a single and indivisible tenure.

2. In Elliaya v. Late Collector of Salem 3 M.H.C.R. 59 it was found that joint liability for Teervai was a well understood condition attached to the holdings of Agraharam tenants; and in this matter the High Court treated the decision of the lower Courts as final. In Zamindar of Ramnad v. Ramamany Ammal 2 M. 234 : 4 Ind. Jur. 442 :1 Ind. Dec.(N.S.) 435 the grant of a Maganam or division of a Zemindari was contracted with Agraharams or Dharmasanam villages which are g