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1998 Supreme(Mad) 956

High Court of Judicature at Madras
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE K.P. SIVASUBRAMANIAM
R. Sengoda Gounder & Others
Versus
Sengoda Gounder & Others
Second Appeal Nos. 1055 & 1056 of 1985
Decided On :Decided on : 20-07-1998

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellants:P. Mathivanan, Advocate.
For the Respondents:M.M. Sundaresh, Advocate.

Sections 25 and 26 of the Limitation Act, 1963 and the definition of “easement” in Section 2 shall not apply to cases arising in the territories to which the Indian Easements Act 1882, may for the time being extend.

Headnote:

EASEMENT - CART TRACK - RIGHT OF WAY - LIMITATION - SECTION 25(2) OF THE LIMITATION ACT, 1963 - NOT APPLICABLE TO AREAS WHERE INDIAN EASEMENTS ACT, 1882 IS EXTENDED.

Fact of the Case:

Plaintiffs filed a suit for permanent injunction to restrain the defendants from cutting or destroying the fences along A B and CD as marked in the plaint plan. Defendants filed a counterclaim for a declaration that they are entitled to use the cart track by taking their men, cattle and carts along the same and for a permanent injunction to restrain the defendants from obstructing such user and also for a mandatory injunction to direct the defendants to restore the cart track to its original position.

Finding of the Court:

The courts below found that the suit itteri was being used by defendants for the purpose of taking carts and other vehicles and as such the plaintiffs were not entitled to an injunction as prayed for by them. The courts also granted a decree for mandatory injunction, directing the defendants to restore the suit itteri to a width of 10 feet by removing the fences and the trees within the itteri.

Issues: 1. Whether the findings of the courts below as regards the existence of cart-track and the right of the respondents to use the cart-track are sustainable? 2. Whether the defendants/respondents have pleaded that they were entitled to the use of the itteri as a cart-track both as an easement by prescription and easement of necessity cannot be sustained inasmuch as both the rights were inconsistent? 3. Whether the suit is barred by period of limitation of two years as envisaged under Section 25(2) of the Limitation Act, 1963?

Ratio Decidendi: 1. The findings of the courts below are based on appreciation of evidence and cannot be interfered with by the High Court under Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure. 2. The plea of inconsistent pleas cannot be sustained as both the rights of easement by prescription and easement of necessity are parallel and independently available to a party. 3. Section 25(2) of the Limitation Act, 1963 is not applicable to areas where the Indian Easements Act, 1882 is extended.

Final Decision: The second appeals are dismissed.

Judgment :-

1. These two Second Appeals arise out of a common judgment of the learned Additional District Judge, dated 11.4.1985 in A.S. Nos. 161 and 162 of 1984 confirming the judgment of the learned Principal District Munsif, Erode, in O.S. No. 1629 of 1980 and O.S. No. 257 of 1983 dated 6.4.1984. The plaintiffs in O.S. No. 1629 of 1980 and the defendants in O.S. No. 257 of 1983 being the same individuals, are the appellants in the above Second Appeal.

2. O.S. No. 1629 of 1980 was filed by the appellants herein contending that plaintiffs 1 and 2 are brothers, third plaintiff being the mother of plaintiffs 4 and 5 and elder sister of the sixth plaintiff. According to the plaintiffs there was a North-South itteri on the eastern side of the lands of the plaintiffs and the land of plaintiffs 1 and 2 is on the south and the lands of the plaintiffs 3 to 6 are on the North. According to the plaintiffs, there is an East-West itteri running in between these lands and there was a fence on the northern boundary of the property belonging to plaintiffs 1 and 2 which was marked as A B in the plaint plan and the said fence was in existence for more than 80 years. Plaintiffs 1 and 2 have been enjoying the lands up to this fence and there is a fence marked as C D in the plaint plan on the southern end of the land which belongs to plaintiffs 3 to 6. The said fence is also in existence for many years and Karuppanna Gounder, the husband of the third plaintiff settled that property on plaintiffs 3 to 5 under a document dated 24.1.1973. On the south eastern corner of his land, the sixth plaintiff had put up a salai and using the same for thithering his cattle. According to the plaintiffs, people used to walk through the east-west itteri and nobody has taken any carts or other vehicles through the said itteri at any time. The breadth of the itteri was 7 feet. The plaintiffs further plead that defendants 1 to 5 were owning lands on the west of the sixth plaintiff and the north of the suit itteri, and further north of it, the sixth defendant was owning lands. Further, in view of the misunderstandings, defendants 1 to 6 were taking measurement in the itteri and had planted some stones at a distance of 7 feet south of A B fence and 4 to 5 feet on the aorth of C D fence. The defendants were also proclaiming that they will demolish the existing boundary fence and encroach the cultivable lands up to the points where they have planted stones and thus widening the existing itteri. Therefore, the plaintiffs plead that the defendants had no right to do so. Hence the suit for permanent injunction to restrain the defendants from cutting or destroying the fences along A B and CD as marked in the plaint plan.

3. In the written statement filed by the second defendant the plaint plan was disputed and the width of the East-West itteri according to the defendants, was reduced into half. The defendants would further plead that it was utterly false to say that the fence along AB and CD fence have been in existence for past many years. The claim of the plaintiffs that they and their predecessors in title have been cultivating the lands up to the said fence was also incorrect. According to the defendants, the East-West cart track was in existence for reaching the lands of the defendants and it was 20 feet in broad near BD and 15-1/2 feet broad on the western end. The defendants further claim that they and their predecessors in title have been openly, continuously and uninterruptedly taking their carts through the said itteri all these years and they have perfected the said right by prescription. The defendants also plead that after the advent of the Lower Bhavani Project in view of the stagnation of water and poor maintenance the old fence had fallen into ruins and became completely extinct. About 1-1/2 years prior to the filing of the suit, dispute arose between the parties and in view of the said enmity the plaintiffs had in one night put up A B and C D fence thus encro



















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