High Court of Judicature at Madras
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE S.S. SUBRAMANI
B.M. Fathima Bibi & Others
Versus
Idris Mohammed & Others
S.A. No. 636 of 1983
Decided On :Decided on : 27-03-1997
ESTOPPEL - ATTESTATION OF GIFT DEED - CONSENT - REPRESENTATION - ESTOPPEL BY REPRESENTATION - CONDITIONS - EVIDENCE ACT, 1872, SECTION 115.
Fact of the Case:
Plaintiffs filed a suit for declaration of title and recovery of possession of the suit property from the defendants. The defendants claimed title to the property based on a gift deed executed by the plaintiffs' mother in their favor. The plaintiffs contended that the gift deed was not valid as it included the suit property, which was not owned by their mother. The trial court dismissed the suit, holding that the plaintiffs were estopped from claiming title to the property as the second plaintiff had attested the gift deed.
Finding of the Court:
The lower appellate court reversed the trial court's decision and decreed the suit in favor of the plaintiffs. The court held that the attestation of the gift deed by the second plaintiff did not amount to estoppel as the plaintiffs were not aware of the true state of affairs and had not been misled by any misrepresentation.
Issues: 1. Whether the attestation of the gift deed by the second plaintiff estopped the plaintiffs from claiming title to the property? 2. Whether the plaintiffs were aware of the true state of affairs and had been misled by any misrepresentation?
Ratio Decidendi: The court held that the attestation of the gift deed by the second plaintiff did not amount to estoppel as the plaintiffs were not aware of the true state of affairs and had not been misled by any misrepresentation. The court relied on the following principles: * Estoppel by representation is a rule of evidence that prevents a person from denying the truth of a statement that he or she has made to another person, if the other person has relied on the statement to his or her detriment. * In order to establish estoppel by representation, the following conditions must be satisfied: * There must be a representation by a person or his or her authorized agent to another in any form, a declaration, act, or omission. * The representation must have been of the existence of a fact and not of promises defuturo of intention which might or might not be enforceable in contract. * The representation must have been meant to be relied upon. * There must have been belief on the part of the other party in its truth. * There must have been action on the faith of that declaration, act, or omission, must have actually caused another to act on the faith of it, and to alter his or her former position to his or her prejudice or detriment. * The misrepresentation or conduct or omission must have been the proximate cause of leading the other party to act to his or her prejudice. * The person claiming the benefit of an estoppel must show that he or she was not aware of the true state of things. If he or she was aware of the real state of affairs or had means of knowledge, there can be no estoppel. * Only the person to whom representation was made or for whom it was designed can avail himself or herself of it. A person is entitled to plead estoppel in his or her own individual character and not as a representative of his or her assignee. In the present case, the court found that the plaintiffs were not aware of the true state of affairs and had not been misled by any misrepresentation. Therefore, the court held that the attestation of the gift deed by the second plaintiff did not amount to estoppel.
Final Decision: The Second Appeal was dismissed, however, without any order as to costs.
1. Defendants in O.S. No. 1276 of 1979, on the file of II Additional District Munsifs Court, Erode, are the appellants.
2. Suit filed by plaintiffs, who are father and son, was to declare their title to the suit property, and for recovery of possession from the defendants.
3. Material averments in the plaint may be stated as follows:—
The schedule property originally belonged to one H. Hajee Shaik Madhar Sahib. He executed a gift deed in favour of 2nd defendant and his brother K. Mohammed Abdul Salam on 29-10-1941 in respect of the suit properties and other properties. Ex. A-6 is the said deed. The acquirer had also executed another gift deed on 6-3-1927, evidenced by Ex. A-10 in favour of his daughter late Ayisha Bibi. Second plaintiff, first defendant and one Abdul Salam are brother and sister, and are children of the said acquirer. As between the donees, under Ex. A-6, there was a partition on 11-12-1926, and the plaint properties were allotted to the second plaintiff. 2nd plaintiffs sister, who is the first defendant in the suit, requested her mother that she may be given some properties, and to satisfy her demand, Ayisha Bibi (Ex. A-11). In that document, second plaintiff is also an attestor. In that document Ex. A-11, the property is described as though the plaint properties are also included therein. It is said that the description shown as southern boundary in the gift deed is not correct, and none had the intention to convey the plaint property also as per Ex. A-11 to the first defendant as per the settlement deed. It is said that the second plaintiff was not aware of the contents of the documents, but she attested the same at the instance of the mother Ayisha Bibi, who executed the gift deed. In spite of the recitals, second plaintiff continued to be the owner of the property and was enjoying the same as before. In or about 1969, first defendant who was residing far away, wanted to occupy the building which is the subject matter of Ex. A-11 settlement deed. In the property that was gifted by their mother, there was no bath room or lavatory, and, at the request of the first defendant, who is none other than his sister, second plaintiff allowed her also to make use of the same along with him. It is said that it is only a permission granted and the first defendant did not have any right over the property. It is seen that the first defendant executed settlement deeds in favour of defendants 2 and 3 which included the plaint schedule property, and they began to claim hostile title to the suit property. They also began to interfere with the second plaintiffs possession over the plaint item. The second plaintiff also executed settlement deed in respect of the plaint property in favour of the first plaintiff, who is none other than his son. It is averred that none of the defendants has any right over the plaint property, and the same is the subject matter of Ex. A-10 and they alone are entitled to the same. Since defendants are claiming a right over the property, the suit has been filed for the reliefs stated above.
4. In the written statement filed by defendants 1, 2 and 3, they dispute the claim of the plaintiffs over the plaint item. According to them, as per Ex. A-10, plaint schedule property was not included therein. In fact, even under Ex. A-6, the acquirer, namely, Hajee Sheik Madhar had already gifted the plaint property to their mother Ayisha Beebi, and in fact, the acquirer did not have any right to gift the plaint schedule property also to the plaintiff No. 2 and his brother under Ex. A-10. It is also said that when the settlement deed was executed as per Ex. A-11, second plaintiff was well aware of the same, and he was also a consenting party regarding the subject matter of the properties therein. The various circumstances put forward to invalidate Ex. A-11 and also the attestation, are disputed by the defendants. It is said that the attestation will estop the plaintiffs from claiming any right over the
AI
Login now and unlock free premium legal research
Login to SupremeToday AI and access free legal analysis, AI highlights, and smart tools.
Login
now!
India’s Legal research and Law Firm App, Download now!
Copyright © 2023 Vikas Info Solution Pvt Ltd. All Rights Reserved.