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2012 Supreme(Mad) 715

2012 (2) LW 156
High Court of Judicature at Madras
THE HONOURABLE MR. JUSTICE T. RAJA
Thandavarayan & Another
Versus
Janaki & Others
Second Appeal No.146 of 2006 & C.M.P.No.2394 of 2006
Decided On : 10-02-2012

Advocates Appeared:
For the Appellants:A.K. Kumaraswamy, Advocate.
For the Respondents: R1 & R2 - No Appearance, R3 - given up.

Headnote:HINDU LAW - ARTICLE 264 - Co-parcenary property - Whether a co-parcener who is entitled to have half share in the co-parcenary property is legally entitled to gift or alienate his specific half share to a stranger by way of sale-father/3rd defendant had executed a settlement deed, dt. 22.7.1979 infavour of plaintiffs 1 and 2 who are his wife and son respectively without any clause of revocation - After a long period @ on 1.7.1997, father/3rd defendant executed a deed of cancellation of settlement deed dt. 22.7.1969 and alinated that suit property to defendants 1 and 2 plaintiffs 1 and 2 challenged that alienation by filing a suit for declaration of title and injunction - suit decreed in favour of plaintiffs by declaring title of plaintiffs and also cancellation of settlement deed is not valid - First Appeal was also dismissed by observing that suit property having been handed over to donees it amount to acceptance of gift and same could not be revoked and confirmed judgment and decree of trial court Hence this appeal - When a co-parcener can make a gift of his undivided interest in Co-parcenery property to another co-parcener or to a stranger with prior consent of all other co-parcener such a gift would be quite legal and valid - settlement deed dt. 22.7.1969 is perfectly valid gift through settlement deed being construed as renunciation of fathers undivided interest in co-parcenary infavour of his son as there is no need for taking comest of other co-parceners, such a gift is a valid one - It has to be concluded that sale deeds dt. 1.7.97 made infavour of D1 and D2 under EYB1 & B3 is invalid - Judgment and Decree of trial Court is confirmed - Second Appeal Dismissed No Costs.

       Hindu Law - Act 264 - Maintenance of a wife by her husband matter of personal obligation which attaches from moment of marriage - Even if her husband is not possessed of any property wife is entitled to enforce this personal obligation by creating charge on this property either acquired is ancestral - property which a Hindu Co-parcener obtains on partition and who marries subsequently is conditioned by obligation to maintain his dependants including wife - Therefore, cancellation of his previous settlement is invalid - S.A. is dismissed - No costs.

       Whether a male Hindu in Mistakshara School can alienate his undivided share to others without consent of other co-parceners essence of a coparcenary under mitakshara school of Hindu Law is community of interest and unity of possession - A member of joint family has no definite share in coparcenary property - but he has on undivided interest in property - but he has an undivided interest in property which is liable to be enlarged by deaths and diminished by birth, in family - An interest in Co-parcenary property accnues to a son from date of his birth - His interest will be equal to that of his father - His interest is equal to that of his father - Therefore selling his own share by father infavour of D, and D1 after 28 years without any revocation clause is totally invalid - S.a. dismissed No costs.

       Renunciation or Relinguishment of a share of co-parcener - A Coparcener may renounces his interest in Co-parcenary property infavour of other coparceners as a body but not infavour of one or more of them - If he renounces in favour of one or more of them his renunciation enures for sole benefit of coparcener in whose favour renunciation is made - Such renunciation is not invalid even if renouncing coparcener make it a condition that he would be paid something towards maintenance. If renunciation is genuine, but not fictitious, same would be operative as between parties - eifting enries for benefit of other coparceners such gifting was held valid - In such circumstances consent of other coparcener was also held immattenial - Therefore, Renouncing interest in coparcenary property in favour of other coparceners as a body, said gift is always valid.

Judgment :-

1. The defendants 1 and 2, who failed before both the Courts below, have defendants 1 e preferred the present Second Appeal, challenging the concurrent findings rendered in their respective judgments.

2. The plaintiffs 1 and 2/respondents 1 and 2 herein (mother and son respectively) filed a suit for declaration of title and injunction in O.S. No.72 of 1998 on the file of the learned Additional District Munsif, Tindivanam. The 1st plaintiff is the wife of the 3rd defendant and the 2nd plaintiff is the son of both the 1st plaintiff and the 3rd defendant. In respect of the property owned by him, the 1st plaintiff's husband-the 3rd defendant had executed a settlement deed dated 22.7.1969-Ex.A1, in favour of the plaintiffs, vividly mentioning that the 1st plaintiff-wife of the 3rd defendant would enjoy life estate till her life time and after her death the said property would devolve upon the 2nd plaintiff-son, with absolute right over the suit property having an extent of 1.82 cents. After a long time, the 3rd defendant, by cancelling the settlement deed, dated 22.7.1969, executed a deed of cancellation, dated 01.7.1997-Ex.B.4 and, on the same date, the 3rd defendant/3rd respondent had executed a sale deed dated 01.7.1997-Ex.B1 selling half share in Item Nos.2,3,4,5,7 and 8 in favour of 1st defendant/1st appellant. By another sale deed dated 1.7.97 under Ex.B3, the 3rd defendant/3rd respondent sold Item No.1 in favour of the 2nd defendant/2nd Appellant. Aggrieved by the cancellation of the settlement deed and the sale of the joint family property by the 3rd defendant, the plaintiffs filed the suit for declaration of title and permanent injunction of the suit property on the ground that the suit property being joint family property of the 3rd defendant/3rd respondent herein and his son-2nd plaintiff/2nd respondent, after settling the suit property by way of settlement deed, the 3rd defendant-father of second plaintiff cannot alienate the property by unilaterally cancelling the settlement deed through cancellation. It was an admitted case of both the plaintiffs and the 3rd defendant before the trial Court that the suit property is a joint family property of the 3rd defendant and his son-2nd plaintiff. The trial Court, after finding that the suit property was allotted to the 3rd defendant in a partition between him and his brothers, whereupon, the said property allotted to the 3rd defendant in the partition had become his separate property, concluded that the 3rd defendant is entitled to gift the same, however, after gifting the same in favour of the plaintiffs, when there is no specific clause for revocation in the settlement deed, the settlement cannot be revoked by cancellation through Ex.B4 dated 1.7.1997. Concluding thus, the sale of property in favour of 1st and 2nd defendants through Exs.B1 and B3 was rendered as invalid.

3. Aggrieved by that, when appeal was filed before the Additional Sub Court, Tindivanam, in A.S. No.86 of 2003, the said Court also held against the 1st and 2nd defendants/1st and 2nd appellants herein by observing that the suit property having been handed over to the donees, it amounts to acceptance of the gift and that once a valid gift was accepted, the same could not be revoked, and ultimately confirmed the judgment and decree of the trial Court.

4. The unsuccessful defendants 1 and 2 have preferred this second appeal before this Court and, at the time of admission, the following substantial questions of law have been formulated for consideration:

"a. Are the courts below justified in upholding the validity of Ex.A.1 settlement deed, overlooking that the properties dealt with under Ex.A.1 settlement deed are admittedly joint family properties of 3rd defendant and his son ?

b. When the execution and validity of Ex.A.1 Settlement Deed is specifically denied and not admitted, is it not the duty of plaintiffs to produce the original of Ex.A.1 and to prove the due execution of the same as contemp































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