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2021 Supreme(Mad) 2651

IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS
R. PONGIAPPAN, J.
Durairangam – Appellant
Versus
Rasu – Respondent
S.A. No. 962 of 2011 & M.P. No. 1 of 2011
Decided On : 23-12-2021

Advocate Appeared:
For the Appellant :Nilaphar, R. Meenal, Advocates.
For the Respondent:P. Mani, Advocate.

Headnote:

Civil Procedure Code, 1908 - Section 100 - Negotiable Instruments Act - Section 118 and 20 - Promissory note - Presumptions as to negotiable instruments - Defendant borrowed from plaintiff for his family expenses and executed a promissory note, agreeing to repay said amount on demand, with interest at rate of 12% per annum - Whether in law lower appellate Court was right in overlooking that presumption under Section 118 of Negotiable Instruments Act would not enure to respondent as appellant had pleaded and proved that there was material alteration in suit pronote - Whether in law lower appellate Court was right in failing to note that a materially altered Negotiable Instrument was void under Section 87 of Negotiable Instruments Act - Held, Being the reason that the defendant admits the signature found in the pro-note is his signature under Section 20 of Negotiable Instruments Act, it was understand that the defendant gave authority to the plaintiff to fill up the same as a complete Negotiable Instrument - Court opinion that before the trial Court the factum of material alteration is not proved and accordingly, in order to rebut the presumption raised under Section 118 of Negotiable Instruments Act, defendant has not produced any relevant evidence to show that suit pro-note is not upon due consideration. Though it was contended on the side of defendant that alleged transaction is a loan transaction, in order to prove the same he has not produced substantial evidence - Second appeal is dismissed.

JUDGMENT :-

(Prayer: The Second Appeal is filed under Section 100 of C.P.C. against the judgment and decree dated 31.01.2011 in A.S.No.50 of 2010 on the file of the Additional District Court, (Fast Track Court No.2), Cuddalore, reversing the judgment and decree dated 29.01.2010 in O.S.No.68 of 2009 on the file of the I Additional Sub Court, Cuddalore.)

1. This second appeal is focused as against the judgment and decree dated 31.01.2011 passed in A.S.No.50 of 2010 by the learned Additional District Judge, (Fast Track Court No.2), Cuddalore, reversing the judgment and decree dated 29.01.2010 passed in O.S.No.68 of 2009 by the learned I Additional Subordinate Judge, Cuddalore.

2. For the sake of convenience, hereinafter the parties are called as per their respective litigative status before the trial Court.

3. Bereft and niggard of details, the facts which are absolutely necessary and germane for the disposal of this second appeal would run thus:

    3.1. On 28.08.2006, the defendant borrowed a sum of Rs.1,40,000/- from the plaintiff for his family expenses and executed a promissory note, agreeing to repay the said amount on demand, with interest at the rate of 12% per annum. Inspite of repeated demands made by the plaintiff, in order to discharge the loan, the defendant neither paid the principal nor the interest. In order to defeat the claim of the plaintiff, the defendant is trying to alienate his properties, so the plaintiff has not served with notice on the defendant. The defendant is not an agriculturist. Hence, he is not entitled to avail the relief under the provisions of the Debt Relief Act.

4. The contentions raised by the defendant in his written statement are as follows:

    4.1. On 28.08.2006, the defendant borrowed a sum of Rs.20,000/- from the plaintiff for which, the plaintiff demanded excessive rate of interest. In order to recover the excessive rate of interest, the plaintiff got a pro-note for Rs.40,000/-. The plaintiff got the signature of the defendant in a blank printed form containing stamps. The amount of Rs.40,000/- alone was mentioned at the top of the document in a round column. The body was kept blank at the time of obtaining the signature from the defendant in the pro-note. In view of the strained relationship between the plaintiff and the defendant, the plaintiff has altered the amount of Rs.40,000/- into Rs.1,40,000/- just 10 days prior to the filing of the suit. Without the consent of the defendant, the plaintiff has altered the instrument in respect of the amount. The alteration has done by the plaintiff in the pro-note is nothing but a material alteration. Hence, the suit pro-note becomes a void instrument. On 02.07.2009, the defendant has purchased a house site situated on the eastern side of the plaintiff’s house. Since the vendor of the defendant was not agreeable to sell the house site to the plaintiff, the defendant has purchased the same for a valid consideration. Aggrieved over the said transaction, the plaintiff has materially altered the pro-note and filed the present suit. Hence, the suit is not maintainable in law.

5. Based on the above said averments, the trial Court framed necessary issues. Before the trial Court, on the side of the plaintiff, three witnesses were examined as P.W.1 to P.W.3. and two documents are marked as Exs.A1 and A2. Similarly, on the side of the defendant, the defendant himself has examined as D.W.1 and three documents were marked as Exs.B1 to B3.

6. Having considered the materials placed before him, the learned I Additional Subordinate Judge, Cuddalore came to the conclusion that the claim made by the plaintiff is not true and after concluding as above dismissed the suit with entirety. In the appeal, the learned Additional District Judge, Cuddalore reversed the finding arrived at by the trial Court and ultimately the suit was decreed as prayed for. Being dissatisfied with the same, the defendant is before this Court with this present second appeal.

7. At the time of admissi

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